(大连理工大学 电气工程学院，大连 116024)
摘 要: 采用喷射气流分散结合高压电晕静电分选手段，对二次铝工业中主要副产物细粒黑铝灰中铝资源进行回收。利用现代图像处理及扫描电镜分析方法验证分散后样品中铝与盐组分的分离状态，设计并采用闭环测试完成单次电选和连续电选，通过X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析分选产物的铝含量。结果表明：喷射气流分散后的样品颗粒大部分以独立单体状态分布，铝与盐类组分实现有效分离；含铝组分更多存在于样品的大颗粒部分中且能通过电选得到有效分离，三步电选完成后，分选产物中铝含量达到饱和，Al2O3质量分数由50.74%提升至64.93%，其中金属铝含量由8%提升至31%。
关键字: 静电分选；气流分散；铝回收；黑铝灰
（School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China）
Abstract:The recovery of aluminum resource from fine black dross, which is a waste by-product in secondary aluminum production, was investigated by high-voltage corona electrostatic separation combined with jet airflow dispersion. The modern image processing and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the separation status between aluminum and salt components after jet airflow dispersion. A locked cycle test was designed and used to complete single step and continuous electrostatic separation. The aluminum content of separated products was measured by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dispersion results indicate that, most of sample particles are distributed individually after dispersion. The aluminum is separated effectively from salt components. The separation results indicate that, the larger size fraction of sample contains more aluminum and can be separated by electrostatic separation. When the third separation step is completed, the aluminum content of separated products reaches saturation. Al2O3 mass fraction increases from 50.74% to 64.93%, and the metallic aluminum content increases from 8% to 31%.
Key words: electrostatic separation; airflow dispersion; aluminum recovery; black dross
