(西北工业大学 应用物理系，西安 710072)
摘 要: 以聚氨酯泡沫为基体，采用电沉积法制备三维网状多孔铜，研究不同工艺参数对多孔铜材料形貌、结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明：多孔铜的表观密度介于0.119~0.218 g/cm3之间，平均孔径为2.6 mm，孔隙率为 89.8%~92.6%；电沉积过程中降低主盐CuSO4 浓度和溶液温度，可获得较强的阴极极化作用；阴极电流密度和沉积时间对多孔铜的孔隙率和表观密度具有调控作用；多孔铜的准静态圧缩过程可依次分为线性弹性阶段、脆性破坏阶段和致密化阶段；压缩强度与表观密度的关系符合幂函数增长规律。在 36 A/m2 电流密度下将沉积时间从 3 h延长至5 h，材料的压缩强度可提升53%。
关键字: 多孔铜；电沉积；孔隙率；表观密度；力学性能
（Department of Applied Physics, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China）
Abstract:Three dimensional open-cell porous Cu was prepared by electrodeposition. The effects of experimental parameters on its morphology, structure and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that the porous Cu with apparent density within the range of 0.119-0.218 g/cm3, average pore size of 2.6 mm and the porosity within the range of 89.8%-92.6% are achieved. During the electrodeposition, a stronger cathode polarization can be obtained by reducing the CuSO4 concentration and solution temperature. Meanwhile, the porosity and apparent density of porous Cu can be controlled by the current density and deposition time. The deformation process of porous Cu can be divided into the early linear elastic stage, the next brittle failure stage and the last densification stage. The relationship between apparent density and compressive strength satisfies the power function. Moreover, the compressive strength is improved by 53% once extending the deposition time from 3 h to 5 h at 36 A/m2.
Key words: porous Cu; electrodeposition; porosity; apparent density; mechanical property
