(1. 华南理工大学 土木与交通学院，广州 510640；
2. 华南理工大学 安全科学与工程研究所，广州 510640；
3. 北京科技大学 土木与环境工程学院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 以金属矿采空区顶板为对象，构建以顶板跨度(L)，冒落高度(H)为变量的三铰拱力学模型，推导出不同接顶率(m)下顶板最大拱轴力表达式，结合岩体临界轴力判别式，研究充填体不同接顶率下空区顶板的拱架自稳效应。以某金属矿山不同跨度的3个采空区为例，通过顶板最大拱轴力计算，分析不同接顶率对顶板拱架支撑作用的影响；利用数值计算及矿山地压监测数据，对比校验分析结果的合理性。结果表明：随着充填接顶率的增加，顶板最大轴力随之降低；当充填接顶率达到80%时，顶板的轴力值低于临界值，顶板拱架支撑效果明显。
关键字: 三铰拱模型；临界轴力；拱架自稳效应；充填接顶率；顶板
（1. School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
2. Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
3. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:Taking the roof of goaf as the research object, a three-hinged arch mechanical model with variable roof span (L) and falling height (H) was constructed, and expression of maximum arch force under different roof-contacted filling rates(m) was derived. Based on the discriminant for the critical axial force of the roof rock mass, the arching effect of the roof was studied under different roof-contacted filling rates. Taking three goafs with different spans in a mine as examples, the impact on the arching support was analysed by calculating the maximum arching force under different roof-contacted filling rates. The research results were compared and validated by the numerical simulation and mine ground pressure monitoring data. The results show that the maximum axial force of roof decreases with the increase of roof-contacted filling rate. When the roof-contacted filling rate reaches 80%, the maximum axial force of the roof is lower than the critical axial force, and the arching support of roof is obvious.
Key words: three-hinged arch model; critical axial force; arching effect; roof-contacted filling rate; roof
