(1. 龙岩学院 化学与材料学院，龙岩 364012；
2. 中南大学 冶金与环境学院，长沙 410083；
3. 福州大学 紫金矿业学院，福州 350108)
摘 要: 采用“焙烧-硫酸浸出-中和沉淀”工艺提取明矾石精矿中的镓，获得含Ga 0.1%以上的镓精矿。为了实现镓精矿的高值化利用，提出“碱浸-离子交换-溶液净化-电积”回收镓精矿中金属镓的工艺，对最佳工艺条件进行研究。在最佳工艺条件下，镓精矿中Ga的碱浸浸出率达98.46%；离子交换实验表明，采用D5240树脂可以有效地富集镓，但杂质钒也得到富集，树脂解吸液中含镓2.1g/L，钒0.23g/L；在pH=12的条件下，可通过钙盐法除钒，当解吸液中Ca2+添加量为0.02 mol/L时，钒浓度降至1.45 mg/L；镓电积过程中电流效率呈现先增大后减小的趋势，当电积时间为2h时，电流效率达到峰值4.3%；随着电积液中NaOH浓度的升高，阴极表面形貌由粗糙变得光滑。当NaOH浓度为200g/L时，阴极表面平整光滑，可获得99.94%金属镓。
关键字: 镓精矿；碱浸；离子交换；钙盐沉淀；镓电积
（1. School of Chemistry and Materials, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China;
2. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. College of Zijin Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China）
Abstract:A gallium concentrate with more than 0.1% Ga can be obtained by “roasting-sulfuric acid leaching-and precipitation” process from alunite concentrate. In order to realize the high value utilization of gallium concentrate, the technology of recovering metal gallium by “alkali leaching-ion exchange-solution purification-electrowinning” was proposed, and the optimum technological conditions were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the leaching rate of Ga in gallium concentrates reaches 98.46%. The ion exchange experiment shows that the D5240 resin can effectively enrich Ga, but the impurity vanadium is also enriched. The desorption solution contains gallium 2.1 g/L and vanadium 0.23 g/L. Vanadium can be removed by the calcium salt method under the condition of pH=12. When the Ca2+ additive amount is 0.02 mol/L, the vanadium concentration is reduced to 1.45 mg/L. The current efficiency in gallium electrodeposits increases firstly and then decreases. When the electrodeposition time is 2 h, the current efficiency reaches 4.3% of the peak value. With the increase of NaOH concentration in the electrodeposition electrolyte, the cathode surface is from coarse to smooth. Finally, the purity of 99.94% metallic gallium is obtained.
Key words: gallium concentrate; alkaline leaching; ion exchange; calcium salt precipitation; gallium electrowinning
