(1. 中南大学 冶金与环境学院，长沙 410083；
2. 云南文山铝业有限公司，文山 663099)
摘 要: 采用XRD和SEM-EDS (微区分析)研究了铝灰的工艺矿物学以及其活性物相Al和AlN在水和氢氧化钠溶液中的反应行为。结果表明：铝灰中活性物相Al、AlN等含量较多，且AlN含量多于Al的。铝灰中Al多以球形颗粒单独存在，也常与Si嵌布形成合金；AlN以大颗粒块状或针状颗粒单独存在，也可与α-Al2O3共存；刚玉(α-Al2O3)存在的形态不一；NaCl大多单独聚集存在，少部分被包裹和分散。活性含铝物相Al和AlN在与水反应时，反应缓慢，反应率小；AlN比Al更易反应；Al与水反应生成的氢氧化铝包裹了Al颗粒，阻碍了反应进行。而与浓氢氧化钠溶液反应时，铝灰中的Al和AlN迅速发生化学反应，常温下0.5 h反应率均达到80%以上，并且Al比AlN更易反应。Si和SiO2也会发生反应。同时，温度升高有利于Al和AlN与水或碱反应。
关键字: 铝灰；铝；氮化铝；工艺矿物学；水；氢氧化钠
（1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Yunan Wenshan Aluminium Co., Ltd., Wenshan 663099, China）
Abstract:The mineralogy of aluminum dross and the reaction behavior of the active phase (Al and AlN) in water and sodium hydroxide solution were investigated by XRD and SEM-EDS (microanalysis). The results indicate that more Al and AlN occur in aluminum dross, and AlN content is more than Al content. Al exists alone as spherical particles or appears in Al-Si alloy. AlN can exist alone or co-exist with α-Al2O3 in the shape of large particles or needle-like particles, respectively, corundum (α-Al2O3) appearance is irregular. NaCl occurs alone or appears together with other phases, Al or AlN reacts with water slowly. AlN is more active compared with Al in water. Moreover, the formation of aluminum hydroxide on Al particle limits the reaction of Al in water. However, Al or AlN quickly reacts with the concentrated NaOH solution with reaction rate of above 80% at 25 ℃ for 0.5 h, Al reacts more quickly as comparison with AlN in NaOH solution. Meanwhile, Si and SiO2 also react with the concentrated NaOH solution. In addition, elevating temperature promotes the reaction of AlN and Al in water or NaOH solution.
Key words: aluminum dross; aluminum; aluminum nitride; mineralogy; water; sodium hydroxide
