(1. 江西理工大学 建筑与测绘工程学院，赣州 341000；
2. 中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院，兰州 730000；
3. 江西理工大学 江西省矿业工程重点实验室，赣州 341000)
摘 要: 在离子型稀土原地浸矿中，合理设置注液井网有利于提高资源回收率，计算井网参数的关键环节是确定单井注液影响范围，即湿润体特征及湿润锋运移规律。通过不同水头下稀土入渗试验可知，其湿润体形状近似为半椭球体，入渗初期横向湿润距离较垂向湿润距离大，随着入渗的进行，垂向湿润锋的发展速度较横向湿润锋的增大，湿润体形状由半椭球体向半球体发展。湿润体体积和累计入渗量之间存在显著的线性关系，表明湿润体内平均含水率增量基本上保持为一定值，横向和垂向最大湿润距离与入渗时间存在极显著的幂函数关系。基于Green-Ampt模型和水量平衡原理，建立了湿润体特征值计算模型，模型结果与试验结果吻合度较高，具有较高应用价值。根据三维Green-Ampt模型入渗能力曲线可知，随着时间的延长三维入渗率增加，这是三维入渗模型与一维入渗模型的显著区别。
关键字: 恒定水头；离子型稀土；单井注液；计算模型
（1. School of Architectural and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
2. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmental and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China;
3. Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China）
Abstract:Reasonable set of fluid injection wells of ion type rare earth in-situ leaching is conducive to improve the recovery rate of resources, and the key step in calculating parameters of wells is to determine effect range of single well injection, which means characteristics and migration laws of the moist body. It can be seen that the shape of moist body is approximately semi-ellipsoid through the infiltration experiments of rare earth under different heads. In the initial stage of infiltration, the transverse wetting distance is larger than that of vertical orientation, with infiltration, vertical development rate increases more quickly, and the shape of moist body develops from semi ellipsoid to hemisphere. The significant linear relationship between commulative infiltration and volume of moist body show that the increment of average moisture content nearly maintains a constant, moreover, there is an power function relationship between the horizontal and vertical maximum wetting distance and the infiltration time. The calculation model of the characteristic value of moist body was established based on the Green-Ampt model and the principle of water balance, and the results based on the calculation model fit well with that of experiments. According to the infiltration capacity curve of three-dimensional Green-Ampt model, it can be concluded that the three-dimensional infiltration rate increases with the increase of time, which is sharply distinctive from one-dimensional model.
Key words: constant-head; ion-absorbed rare earth; single hole injection; calculation model
