(1. 中南大学 冶金与环境学院，长沙 410083
2. 湖南金旺铋业股份有限公司 博士后科研流动站协作研发中心，郴州 423000)
摘 要: 低品位复杂物料中杂质元素含量高，其分配行为对熔炼工艺条件及产品质量具有很大影响。针对低品位铅铋物料氧化熔炼及其氧化渣还原熔炼两段工艺开展研究，考察了各因素对元素分配行为的影响。结果表明：氧化熔炼最佳工艺条件为：通氧量200 L/kg，铁硅质量比1.3，钙硅比0.4。在此工艺条件下，铅、铋、铜、锌、砷和锑在渣中分配比例分别为47.05%、7.37%、10.93%、55.12%、55.86%和47.59%。还原熔炼最佳工艺条件为：铁硅质量比1.2，钙硅质量比0.8，还原剂用量为理论量的1.3倍，还原时间60 min。在此工艺条件下，铅、铋、铜、锌、砷和锑直收率分别为93.34%、99.60%、49.58%、84.38%、49.31%和87.26%。
关键字: 铅；铋；低品位复杂物料；熔池熔炼；元素分配
（1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2.Hunan Jinwang Bismuth Industry Co., Ltd., R & D center of post-doctoral research station, Chenzhou 423000, China）
Abstract:The high impurity content of low grade complex material proposes great influence on bath smelting process parameters as well as product quality. The oxidation smelting of low-grade lead-bismuth materials and reduction smelting of the oxidized slag were studied experimentally. The effects of various factors on elements distribution behaviors in the smelting process was investigated. The results show that the optimum process conditions of oxidation smelting process are as follows: 200 L/kg oxygen to raw material, m(FeO)/m(SiO2) of 1.3, m(CaO)/m(SiO2) of 0.4. Under the optimum condition, the distribution ratios of Pb, Bi, Cu, Zn, As and Sb in the oxidized slag are 46.69%, 7.37%, 10.93%, 55.12%, 55.86% and 47.59%, respectively. At the reduction smelting step, the optimum smelting conditions are as follows: m(FeO)/m(SiO2) of 1.2, m(CaO)/m(SiO2) of 0.8, 1.3 times of the theoretical reducing coal consumption, reducing time 60 min. Under the optimum conditions, the direct recoveries of Pb, Bi, Cu, As and Sb can reach 93.34%, 99.60%, 49.58%, 84.38%, 49.31% and 87.25%, respectively.
Key words: lead; bismuth; low-grade complex material; bath smelting; element distribution
