(1. 昆明理工大学 冶金与能源工程学院，昆明 650093；
2. 昆明理工大学 省部共建复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 以含镍0.82%、含铁9.67%的某硅镁型红土镍矿为原料开展氢气低温还原实验研究，考察还原温度、还原时间、氢气浓度及矿物粒度对镍、铁金属化率的影响。结果表明：在还原温度为600 ℃、还原时间90 min及氢气浓度为60%(体积分数)的条件下，红土镍矿中镍、铁金属化率分别达到95%和42%。当矿物粒度小于380 μm 时，矿物粒径对镍、铁金属化率的影响并不明显。随着还原温度的升高，镍铁合金([Fe,Ni])的衍射峰呈现先增强后减弱的趋势，在600 ℃时达到最大。且随着温度的进一步升高，无定型含镁硅酸盐重结晶生成镁橄榄石相，阻碍镍、铁的还原。通过氢气低温还原，矿物中的氧化镍几乎完全还原，部分铁被还原为金属铁与镍形成了镍铁合金，大部分的铁被还原为铁的低价氧化物。
关键字: 硅镁型红土镍矿；氢气；还原特性；金属化率；镍铁合金
（1. Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:The garnieritic laterite ore (0.82% Ni and 9.67% Fe) was used to carry out low-temperature hydrogen reduction experimental study. The effects of reduction temperature, reduction time, hydrogen concentration and mineral size on the metallization rate of nickel and iron were investigated. The results show that metallization rate of nickel and iron are 95% and 42%, respectively, under the conditions of reduction temperature of 600 ℃, reduction time of 90 min and hydrogen concentration of 60% (volum fraction). When the particle size is less than 380 μm, the effect of particle size on the metallization rate of nickel and iron is not obvious. The diffraction peak of nickel-iron alloy ([Fe,Ni]) first increases, and then decreases with the increase of reduction temperature, and reaches a maximum at 600 ℃. In addition, the amorphous silicate is recrystallized to form magnesium olivine hindered the reduction of nickel and iron. A nickel-iron alloy is obtained by the low temperature hydrogen reduction. The nickel oxide is almost completely reduced and most of the iron is reduced to iron low-priced oxide.
Key words: garnieritic laterite ore; hydrogen; reduction characteristic; metallization rate; Fe-Ni alloy
