(1. 北京科技大学 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京 100083; 2. 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 风化壳淋积型稀土开采过程中，颗粒级配一直是影响矿体渗透性和浸矿效果的关键因素。为探究不同颗粒级配条件下风化壳淋积型稀土渗透特性规律，选取6组不同配比的稀土矿样，通过自制的变水头渗透装置开展室内实验，有效模拟整个浸矿过程中矿体的孔隙结构，分析不同粒径配比下矿样的渗透特性与浸矿效果。结果表明：不同颗粒级配的稀土矿对应着不同的渗透效果，基于试验数据得到孔隙率与渗透系数呈“类指数”的变化，参照拟合结果得到修订的渗透系数模型，并将修订模型进行了推广。机制分析认为：孔隙比较小时稀土矿颗粒的结合水膜占据了有效孔隙，对溶浸液流动具有极大的黏滞性。随着孔隙比的增大，结合水膜效应逐渐弱化，渗流效果显著增强。
关键字: 风化壳淋积型稀土；渗透系数模型；结合水膜效应；孔隙结构
（1. Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 2. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:During the leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore, the grain grading is the key factor affecting the permeability of ore body and leaching results. In order to explore the feature rule of permeability of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore under different grain grading conditions, six groups of rare earth of different grain grading were prepared. The indoor experiment was conducted on the self-made variable water head infiltration equipment to analyze the permeability of ore body and leaching results, which effectively simulate the ore body porous structure of the whole leaching process. The results show that the rare earth with different grain grading corresponds to different permeation effects results. Based on the experimental data, the relationship between porosity and permeability is summarized as “index relation”, and the modified permeability coefficient model is obtained by referring to the fitting results, the revised model is promoted. The mechanism analysis shows that the bonded water film of rare earth ore particles occupies the effective pores when the pores are relatively small, and it imposes great viscosous effect on the flow of the solution. With the increase of porosity, the bonded water film effect is weakened and the effect of seepage is enhanced.
Key words: weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth; permeability coefficient model; bonded water film effect; particle grading
