(北京有色金属研究总院 生物冶金国家工程实验室，北京 100088)
摘 要: 介绍了世界上镍资源的分布、开发利用现状，提出高镁是镍资源综合利用的一个瓶颈问题，阐述了还原焙烧-氨浸、高压酸浸、常压酸浸、堆浸等氧化镍矿湿法冶金处理工艺的基本流程、优缺点与应用前景，总结了氧化镍矿、硫化镍矿生物冶金技术的研究应用情况，指出非常规体系生物浸出是解决高镁问题的一个方向。展望了高镁型镍矿处理工艺的发展方向，其中常压酸浸、生物浸出技术为研究热点。
关键字: 高镁型镍矿；硫化镍矿；氧化镍矿；湿法冶金；生物冶金
（National Engineering Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China）
Abstract:The general situation of distribution, exploitation and utilization of nickel resources was introduced. The basic process, advantages and disadvantages and application prospect of some hydrometallurgy processes, such as ammonia leaching, high pressure acid leaching, atmospheric-pressure acid leaching and heap leaching, were elaborated. The research and application of bio-hydrometallurgy for nickel oxides and sulfides were summarized. It is suggested that the key to solve the problem of high magnesium is bioleaching at elevated pH. Finally, the development direction of processes for high-magnesium nickel ore was prospected. The atmospheric-pressure acid leaching and bio- hydrometallurgy are the hot areas of research.
Key words: high-magnesium nickel ore; nickel sulfides; nickel oxides; hydrometallurgy; bioleaching;
