(1. 江苏大学 能源与动力工程学院，镇江212013； 2．江苏大学 绿色材料与冶金研究院，镇江212013)
摘 要: 以河南某厂300 kA铝电解槽为原型，基于相似原理，按与原型1:4的几何比例设计和搭建大尺度低温电解实验平台，探讨和分析阳极底掌气泡的成核、长大、聚并、破碎及分离等动力学行为及分布特性规律。结果表明：阳极底掌成核点处首先主要产生尺寸极小且分布比较均匀的气泡，然后这些气泡在扩散和传质引起的生长及碰撞和“吞噬”引起的聚并过程中不断长大，最后在阳极底掌边缘发生一定的分离与破碎过程，同时还伴随着较强烈的液体局部循环扰动。阳极底掌气泡层内气泡的尺寸分布范围比较宽且形状差异较大，数量比较少的大尺寸及中等尺寸气泡的周围存在着数量比较多的小尺寸气泡。改变电流密度和阳极倾斜角均对上述气泡的相关动力学行为和尺寸分布特性有着重要的影响。
关键字: 铝电解；阳极气泡动力学；分布特性；低温电解；实验研究
（1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; 2. Institute of Green Materials and Metallurgy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China）
Abstract:Taken a 300 kA aluminum electrolysis cell in some aluminum company in Henan province, a novel low temperature electrolytic model with a geometric similarity ratio of 1:4 to its prototype was designed and constructed based on the principles of geometric and dynamic similarities. In addition, the bubble nucleation, growth, coalescence, breakup and detachment underneath the anode were recorded. The results show that electrolytic bubbles are first nucleated uniformly under the entire anode surface with small size. Then these bubbles grow up uncreasingly through the growth process caused by gas diffusion and mass transfer and the coalescence process caused by collision and swallowing. And finally some large bubbles escape from the edge of the anode bottom and break up into more smaller bubbles with a large amount of liquid flow. The bubble layer underneath the anode has a broad bubble size distribution and differs greatly in shape. The whole anode is covered by a few large and medium-sized bubbles and a large number of small bubbles. Changing current density and anode inclination angle has an important influence on some dynamical behavior mechanisms and distribution characteristics of the bubbles above.
Key words: aluminum electrolysis; anodic bubble dynamics; distribution characteristic; low temperature electrolysis; experimental research
