(合肥工业大学 摩擦学研究所，合肥 230009)
摘 要: 采用常规粉末冶金方法制备无铅含镍(CuNi9Sn6)铜-钢双金属轴承材料，在HDM-20端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损试验，在全酸价(KOH)为1.185×10-3的CD15W-40劣化润滑油中进行腐蚀试验，分析其摩擦学特性及耐腐蚀性，并与两种典型的铜铅轴承材料(CuPb10Sn10、CuPb24Sn1)的性能进行对比。结果表明：无铅含镍铜基轴承材料在低载、润滑良好情况下与铜铅材料一样都表现出较好的摩擦学特性，但因其不含软质减摩相，在高载、润滑不良情况下较易发生粘着破坏，承载能力不如两种铜铅轴承材料；在劣化油腐蚀过程中，无铅含镍铜基轴承材料表面粘附形成了一层具有保护性质的氧化物膜，阻碍材料进一步发生腐蚀变质，耐腐蚀性较好，摩擦磨损性能下降较少。两种铜铅轴承材料中铅组元不断受到劣化油的腐蚀溶析，耐腐蚀性较差，摩擦磨损特性有较大程度的减弱。
关键字: 无铅含镍；铜；铅；轴承材料；摩擦学特性；耐腐蚀性
（Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China）
Abstract:Lead-free Ni-contained copper-steel bimetal bearing material (CuNi9Sn6) was prepared by powder metallurgy method, its friction and wear tests were conducted by using the HDM-20 tribometer under oil lubrication condition, the corrosion resistance test was carried out under the deteriorated lubricating oil of CD15W-40 which total acid value reached 1.185×10-3 (KOH). The tribological and corrosion resistance properties were compared with those of the typical copper-lead bearing materials (CuPb10Sn10, CuPb24Sn1). The results show that the tribological properties of lead-free copper-nickel bearing material are close to those of the typical copper-lead bearing materials under the condition of low load and abundant lubrication. However, it does not include soft antifriction phase, the friction pair is prone to adhesion failure when under high load and poor lubrication conditions. And its load carrying capacity is lower than two copper-lead bearing materials. In the process of deteriorated lubricating oil corrosion, the surface of lead-free Ni-contained copper based bearing material forms a layer of protective oxide film which can prevent matrix further destruction. So, it has better corrosion resistance, the friction and wear properties decrease less. The corrosion resistance of two typical copper-lead bearing materials are worse due to the lead element is selectively corroded and dissolved, so, the tribological characteristics are greatly weakened.
Key words: Ni-contained copper; copper; lead; bearing material; tribological property; corrosion resistance
