(中南大学 冶金与环境学院，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 针对现行氨法电锌存在的阴极锌板表面不平整、疏松多孔、边缘毛刺突出等一系列问题，研究聚醚添加剂对Zn(Ⅱ)-NH4Cl-NH3-H2O体系电积锌的影响，并考察添加剂浓度对沉积锌表面形貌、沉积锌晶体结构、电流效率、平均槽电压和能耗等各项工艺参数的影响。结果表明：添加剂的使用可以使电积得到的阴极锌表面光滑平整，致密与无毛刺，锌晶面表现出高择优取向，生长择优方向为(110)晶面，晶体为六方密堆结构，晶粒细小；在最佳浓度为1.0 g/L时，平均槽电压为2.76 V，电流效率可高达92.88%，单位能耗为2435.72 kW·h/t。
关键字: 聚醚；添加剂；表面形貌；锌；电积
（School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:In view of series of shortcomings existing in current zinc electrodeposition in ammoniacal system such as uneven surface, loose and porous, raised burr on the edge of the surface of electrodeposited zinc, the effect of a polyether additive on zinc electrowinning in Zn(Ⅱ)-NH4Cl-NH3-H2O system was investigated. The effects of different concentration of the additive on surface morphology, crystallographic structure, cell voltage, current efficiency and power consumption were evaluated, respectively. The results show that deposited zinc is smoothy and compact, zinc crystal shows a highly preferred orientation, the crystallographic orientation is (110), the structure of zinc crystal is close-packed hexagonal, the grain size is small, average cell voltage is lower than 2.79 V, current efficiency is up to 92.88%, and low energy consumption of 2435.72 kW·h/t is obtained under the optimum concentration of 1.0 g/L for the polyether additive.
Key words: polyether; additive; surface morphology; zinc; electrodeposition
