(1. 北京科技大学 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京 100083；
2. 北京科技大学 土木与环境工程学院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 在离子型稀土原地浸矿过程中，溶浸液入渗水头的合理确定有利于减少入渗时间和提高浸出率。基于Green-Ampt土壤入渗模型，通过离子型稀土变水头入渗试验，建立入渗率与入渗水头和湿润峰深度以及渗流时间与累积入渗量和入渗水头之间的关系，并对两关系式进行分析。结果表明：离子型稀土原地浸出注液井积水入渗时，入渗水头并非越高越好，随着入渗水头的增加，入渗率呈先增大后减小的趋势，存在最优入渗水头；对赣南某离子型稀土进行柱浸试验，得到的最优入渗水头为26.69 cm；入渗界面的入渗率一定程度上决定溶液在矿体内的渗透效果。
关键字: 离子型稀土；柱浸；Green-Ampt模型；入渗
（1. Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
2. School of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:During the in-situ leaching process of ion-absorbed rare earth, the rational determination of infiltration head is helpful for reducing infiltration time and enhancing leaching efficiency. With Green-Ampt soil infiltration model and infiltration experiment on variation of water head of ion-absorbed rare earth, the relationships between infiltration rate, infiltration head and depth of wetting front, and the relationships between infiltration time, cumulative infiltrated water volume and infiltration head were established. The results show that infiltration head of leaching solution is not the higher the better. With the increasing of infiltration head, the infiltrate rate presents a tendency of increasing and then decreasing. There is an optimized infiltration head. Conducting a column leaching experiment on the ion-adsorption type rare earth source from Gan Nan, its optimized infiltration head is 26.69 cm. The infiltrate rate of interface determines the infiltration effect of the solution in a certain range.
Key words: ion-absorbed rare earth; column leaching; Green-Ampt model; infiltration
