(1. 合肥工业大学 材料科学与工程学院，合肥 230009；
2. 中科院 等离子体物理研究所，合肥 230031；
3. 安徽省有色金属材料与加工工程实验室，合肥 230009)
摘 要: 钨基复合材料因其优良的性能逐渐取代碳基材料和铍等，成为最有可能应用于国际热核聚变实验堆中面向等离子体材料，但其存在低温脆性、再结晶脆化、辐照脆化和燃料粒子滞留等问题。目前，主要是从合金化、第二相颗粒弥散强化以及制备超细晶(UFG)/纳米晶钨基材料等方面来改善钨及其复合材料的性能。合金化是最常用的改善合金性能的手段之一，合金元素或扩散溶解于钨基体中，或作用于缺陷和杂质，改变钨基材料的组织结构从而提高其性能。综述主要介绍合金元素在钨合金中性能提升和作用机理，同时也指出合金元素改善钨合金性能方面存在的问题、可能的改善措施以及未来的发展趋势。
关键字: 面向等离子体材料；钨基材料；合金元素；作用机理；改善措施
（1. College of Material Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
2. Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academic Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
3. Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Material and Processing Engineering of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China）
Abstract:Tungsten matrix composites have gradually replaced the traditional carbon-based materials and beryllium, becoming the most promising candidates for plasma-facing materials for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor attributing to their superior properties. However, tungsten exhibits some problems as a plasma-facing material, including low temperature embrittlement, recrystallization embrittlement, radiation embrittlement and fuel particle retention. Hence, attempts for improving its mechanical behavior have been carried out via doping alloying elements or stable dispersed phases and fabricating UFG/nanocrystalline tungsten, etc. Alloying is one of the most common methods to improve the performance of tungsten-based materials. The doping elements can diffuse and dissolve into tungsten matrix or act on the defects and impurities to change the contexture and structure of tungsten, thus improving its properties. The change of properties and the correlative mechanism of alloyed tungsten-based materials were reviewed and some problems on it and the improvement measures and development trend in future were pointed out.
Key words: plasma facing material; tungsten-based material; alloying element; action mechanism; improvement measure
