(南昌航空大学 轻合金加工科学与技术国防重点学科实验室，南昌 330063)
摘 要: 选用三维五向和三维正交两种编织结构的纤维预制体，采用真空气压浸渗法制备纤维3D-Cf/Al复合材料，研究编织结构对3D-Cf/Al复合材料显微组织和拉伸强度的影响。结果表明:编织结构对3D-Cf/Al复合材料的显微组织与力学性能具有显著影响。其中，三维五向和三维正交Cf/Al复合材料平均致密度分别为97.7%和98.3%，三维五向Cf/Al复合材料存在少量的束间孔洞、气孔缺陷，而三维正交Cf/Al复合材料存在少量纤维团聚缺陷;三维五向Cf/Al复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量及泊松比均明显高于三维正交Cf/Al复合材料的，二者的平均拉伸强度分别为753.5 MPa和644.1 MPa，拉伸模量分别为194 GPa和150 GPa，泊松比分别为0.89和0.04;三维五向Cf/Al复合材料的抗弯强度、弯曲模量均明显低于三维正交Cf/Al复合材料的，二者平均抗弯强度分别为931.8 MPa和1010.3 MPa，弯曲模量分别为134.2 GPa和154.6 GPa。通过对预制体编织结构的设计，可实现3D-Cf/Al复合材料性能设计。
关键字: 3D-Cf/Al复合材料;显微组织;力学性能;真空气压浸渗
（National Defence Key Discipline Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology,
Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China）
Abstract:The vacuum pressure infiltration was performed for 3D-Cf/Al composites of the carbon fiber, the performs are 3D five-direction and 3D orthogonal braiding structures. The effects of braiding structures on microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D-Cf/Al composites were studied. The results show that the braiding structures have significant effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D-Cf/Al composites. The average densities of 3D five-direction and 3D orthogonal braided composites are 97.7% and 98.3%, respectively. There are a small number of holes and porosities between the beams in 3D five-direction braided composites, while 3D orthogonal braided composites exist a little fiber aggregate defects. The tensile strength, tensile modulus and Poisson ratio of 3D five-direction braided composites are higher than those of 3D orthogonal braided composites. Both of their average tensile strength are 753.5 MPa and 644.1 MPa, tensile modulus are 194 GPa and 150 GPa, Poisson ratios are 0.89 and 0.04, respectively. In addition, bending strength and flexural modulus of 3D five-direction braided composites are lower than 3D orthogonal braided composites significantly. Both of their average bending strength are 931.8MPa and 1010.3 MPa, the flexural modulus are 134.2 GPa and 154.6 GPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of 3D-Cf/Al composites are determined by their designed braiding structure of perform.
Key words: 3D-Cf/Al composites; microstructure; mechanical property; vacuum pressure infiltration
