(1. 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京 100083；
2. 北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院，北京 100083；
3. 中国安全生产科学研究院，北京 100012；
4. 矿山采空区灾害防治国家安全生产监督管理总局安全生产重点实验室，北京 100012)
摘 要: 采用广义Kelvin体建立采空区顶板-矿柱流变体系，基于弹性力学理论进行体系沉降与时间对应关系的求解，并带入实际案例进行验证。结果表明：顶板沉降发展总体符合广义Kelvin体描述的阶段性沉降特性，但由于实际边界条件的改变为一渐变过程，顶板沉降可表现为多阶段变化，甚至连续变化。尽管顶板实际沉降变化受过程影响与理论计算有所差别，但建立的基于广义Kelvin体的采空区流变模型对采空区稳定时间预测较为可信，可应用于矿山稳定性评估及合理采取安全措施。
关键字: 采空区；流变性能；广义Kelvin体本构模型；顶板沉降
（1. State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, Ministry of Education,
University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
2. School of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
3. China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China;
4. Key Laboratory on Mining Goaf Disaster Prevention, State Administration of Work Safety, Beijing 100012, China）
Abstract:A roof-pillars rheological system of goaf was built based on the elastic theory and generalized Kelvin constitutive model, and the function relationship between subsiding and time was solved out. Solutions were tested in actual cases. The results show that, although the development of roof subsiding matches well with the periodical characteristics described by the generalized Kelvin model, the roof subsiding can change multiperiodically or even constantly due to the fact that the changing of the actual boundary condition is a gradual process. Although there are some differences between the actual roof subsiding process and theoretical solutions because of the procedural effect, the result on the goaf stable time in generalized Kelvin goaf rheological model is still credible. The conclusions can be applied mines stability evaluation and taking the safety measures reasonably.
Key words: goaf; rheological property; generalized Kelvin constitutive model; roof subsiding
