(1. 南华大学 矿业工程博士后流动站，衡阳 421001；
2. 南华大学 污染控制与资源化技术湖南省高校重点实验室，衡阳 421001；
3. 南华大学 铀矿冶生物技术国防重点学科实验室，衡阳 421001)
摘 要: 以厌氧颗粒污泥为对象，测试其对不同浓度U(Ⅵ)(2.4~12 mg/L)的去除效果，通过环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)和高通量测序技术等方法解析铀胁迫下微生物群落结构特性。结果表明：在初始U(Ⅵ)浓度为9.6mg/L、pH为6、投加湿污泥2g(污泥的可挥发性悬浮在体浓度为0.1g)条件下，U(Ⅵ)的去除率最高，达到95.1%；颗粒污泥中微生物以直径约1 μm的球形细菌为主，能谱分析(EDS)也证明细胞表面铀的存在。高通量测序得到15939条有效序列，可划分操作分类单元939个。样品文库覆盖率为0.967，Shannon指数、ACE指数和Chao1指数分别为4.099、3140.55与2122.53，表明样品具有较高的微生物多样性与丰富度。菌属分类显示：颗粒污泥中包含许多典型的铀还原固定菌属，如Acinetobacter、Clostridium、Pseudomonas、Sulfurovum、Sulfurospirillum及Trichococcus，这是颗粒污泥具有高效除铀效果与耐铀性能的原因。
关键字: 耐铀性能；颗粒污泥；微生物群落；高通量测序
（1. Postdoctoral Research Centre of Mining Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001,China;
2. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology,
University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
3. Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy,
University of south China, Hengyang 421001, China）
Abstract:Anaerobic granular sludge was used for uranium removal under various U (Ⅵ) concentrations (2.4-12 mg/L). The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and high throughput sequencing were carried out for microbial community structure analysis. The results show that the maximum uranium removal rate of 95.1% is achieved under the conditions of initial U(Ⅵ) concentration of 9.6 mg/L, pH value of 6 and wet sludge of 2g (the volatile suspended solid concentration is 0.1g). ESEM results show that the spherical bacteria with diameters of 1 μm is the dominant microorganisms in granular sludge. The energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) proves the existence of uranium in the cell surface. The total dataset comprises 15939 high quality sequences, which can be divided into 939 operational taxonomic units. There are high microbial diversity and abundance in the granular sludge as the library coverage is 0.967, and the Shannon index, ACE index and Chao1 index are 4.099, 3140.55 and 2122.53, respectively. Genus classification indicates that there are many typical uranium-reducing or precipitated bacteria, such as Acinetobacter, Clostridium, Pseudomonas, Sulfurovum, Sulfurospirillum and Trichococcus, which contributes to high efficiency of uranium removal and uranium-resistant property in the granular sludge.
Key words: uranium-resistant property; granular sludge; microbial community; high throughput sequencing
