(昆明理工大学 冶金与能源工程学院，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 研究复杂硫化铜矿中铜铅分离及选择性浸出铜的方法。在高铅铁硫化铜矿中加入氧化钙焙烧，解离铜、铁和铅，对焙砂进行选择性硫酸浸出铜；采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)及能谱分析仪(EDS)表征原料、焙砂和浸出渣的结构和形貌，揭示高铅铁硫化铜矿的焙烧和选择性浸出行为。用响应曲面法及中心复合设计原理，建立浸出温度、液固比、酸度及三者间交互作用对铜、铁浸出率影响的多元二次回归方程。结果表明：钙化焙烧能固硫和解离复杂硫化铜矿，以铜浸出率大于96.0%、铁浸出率最低为目标条件时，最佳选择性浸出条件如下：浸出温度70 ℃、液固比7.99:1、酸度102.44 g/L，最佳条件下铜的浸出率为96.05%，铁的浸出率为15.14%，与验证实验中铜和铁的平均浸出率分别为96.17%和15.20%相比，二者偏差较小，表明模型准确，优化方案可信。
关键字: 复杂硫化铜矿；钙化焙烧；浸出；响应曲面法
（Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,
Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:The objective of this study is to extract copper from complex sulfide copper ore selectively. Calcification technology was performed in the presence of CaO, and calcinate was leached selectively with diluted H2SO4. SEM, XRD and EDS were employed to investigate the calcinating and leaching behaviour. The multivariate quadratic regression models charactering the effects of factors such as temperature, liquid-solid ratio and acidity and their interactions on leaching efficiency were studied with the aid of the response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The results show that the optimum conditions to obtain Cu leaching rate larger than 96.0%, the minimum rate of iron are optimized as follows: temperature of 70 ℃, liquid-solid ratio of 7.99:1, acidity of 102.44 g/L, and the leaching rates of copper and iron reach, 96.05% and 15.14%, respectively. Compared with the results determined by the model equations, the leaching rates of copper and iron reach 96.17% and 15.20%, respectively in experimental tests, which indicates the optimization results can be trusted.
Key words: complex copper lead sulfide ore; calcification roasting; leaching; response surface methodology
