(北京科技大学 材料科学与工程学院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 铝及铝合金以其优良的特性，在当代工业材料中占有越来越重要的地位。钎焊作为一种可靠连接铝及铝合金结构件的连接方法而被广泛应用。铝及铝合金钎焊用硬钎料的开发一直是国内外学者争相研究的热点，然而，钎料合金熔化温度高、加工成形性差、钎焊接头强度低等因素严重制约着钎料合金的开发应用，实现商业化的钎料甚少。添加合金元素能够降低钎料熔化温度，改善钎料显微组织和性能，这对铝钎焊用硬钎料的发展是一个行之有效的方法。结合国内外对铝及铝合金钎焊用硬钎料的最新研究成果，全面阐述合金元素的添加对钎料熔化温度、加工成形性及钎焊接头组织性能的影响，指明铝及其合金钎焊用硬钎料目前研究中存在的问题及今后的研究方向。
关键字: 铝合金；硬钎料；加工成形；钎焊接头
（School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:Owing to the excellent properties, aluminum and aluminum alloys are playing an increasingly important role in modern industrial materials. Brazing is used widely as an excellent assembly method for the bonding of aluminum components. The development of brazing filler metals for aluminum and aluminum alloys is a hotspot into which all countries competitively research. However, the factors of high melting temperature, poor processability and low joint strength make the brazing alloys application difficulty, and commercial brazing filler metals are few. The addition of alloying elements can reduce the melting temperature and improve the microstructure and properties of filler metals, which is an effective method for the development of brazing filler metal. Based on the development of brazing filler metals for aluminum and aluminum alloys at home and abroad, the effects of alloying elements on the melting temperature, processability, joint microstructure and properties of brazing filler metals were summaried. The present problems in their research process of brazing filler metal for aluminum and aluminum alloys were reviewed, and some proposals were put forward which may provide a guide for the study of aluminum-based brazing alloy.
Key words: aluminum alloy; brazing filler metal; processability; brazed joint
