(1. 兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院，兰州 730050；
2. 兰州理工大学有色金属先进加工与再利用省部共建国家重点实验室，兰州 730050)
摘 要: 通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、背散射电子衍射等多种材料分析方法对国内外不同商用电沉积镍和轧制纯镍进行显微组织表征，并对其力学性能进行测试，研究不同轧制工艺N6纯镍的强度和韧性。结果表明：电沉积镍板的化学成分均优于国内外相关标准的，国内电沉积镍板的杂质含量低。电沉积镍晶粒尺寸为30~300 nm，晶粒取向随机。国内电沉积镍板在水平和重力方向上抗拉强度分别为479 MPa和581 MPa。国外电沉积镍板在水平和重力方向上抗拉强度分别为681 MPa和687 MPa。冷轧冷加工态纯镍抗拉强度最高，为695 MPa；热轧热加工态纯镍塑性韧性最好(伸长率最大，为47.1%；冲击功最大，为33.59 J)，两种电沉积镍两个方向上的伸长率均高于30%。几种纯镍的断口均由等轴韧窝、山脊纹和被拉长的韧窝组成，属于韧性断裂。两种电沉积镍板适合作为制备镍箔的原料进行不经重熔的直接轧制。
关键字: 电沉积镍；显微组织；力学性能；背散射电子衍射
（1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals,
Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China）
Abstract:The microstructure of commercially available industrial nickel was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The mechanical properties of pure nickel plates were also tested at room temperature to investigate the strength and toughness of N6 nickel made in different processes. The results show that the grain sizes of the electrodeposited Nickels are 50-100 μm. The grain size of the electrodeposited nickel is in the range of 30-300 nm, and the grain orientations are random. While the domestic electrodeposited nickel plate tensile strength in horizontal and gravity direction are 479 MPa and 581 MPa, the foreign electrodeposited nickel plate tensile strength in horizontal and gravity direction are 681 MPa and 687 MPa, respectively. The grain sizes of the rolled pure nickel are 50-100 μm. In the three kinds of wrought nickels, the cold-rolled pure nickel plate in cold-worked state has the highest tensile strength (695 MPa). The hot rolled pure nickel in hot-worked state has a maximum elongation of 47.1% and maximum impact energy of 33.59 J. The elongation of two kinds of electrodeposited nickel along two directions is higher than 30%. The fracture morphology of each pure nickel is composed of equiaxed dimples, ridge lines and elongated dimple. All of the nickel plates fracture modes are ductile fracture. Two kinds of electrodeposited nickel plate performance are suitable to use as raw materials for industrial production of rolling nickel foil.
Key words: electrodeposited nickel; microstructure; mechanical property; electron back-scattered diffraction
