(南昌航空大学 航空制造与工程学院，南昌 330063)
摘 要: 采用lincolnTIG-355交直流钨极氩弧焊机和8515药芯锌-铝焊丝对T2紫铜与LY16铝合金异种材料进行了对接焊。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)对接头各区域的显微组织和成分进行分析，并通过拉伸试验机测试接头的力学性能。结果表明：所焊接的对接接头无气孔、裂纹等缺陷，焊缝成形良好。当焊接电流为100 A、焊接速度为62 mm/min、保护气流量为15 L/min时，接头抗拉强度达到了240 MPa，断裂于铜侧热影响区。焊缝组织为白色条块状的CuZn4化合物，均匀分布于由Zn基和Al基固溶体组成的(α+η)共晶组织中；铜侧界面平直清晰，界面附近存在较多的金属间化合物组织，在铝侧界面有一沿界面呈链状分布的灰黑色球块状的α相铝基固溶体组织。
关键字: 铝铜异种材料；钨极氩弧焊；力学性能；显微组织
（Aviation Manufacturing and Engineering College, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China）
Abstract:Lincoln TIG-355 AC/DC arc welding machine and 8515 Zn-Al flux cored wire were used to butt weld T2 copper with LY16 aluminum in AC mode. The microstructure and the elements composition of the joint were studied by scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis, respectively, the mechanical properties of the joints were tested by a tensile testing machine. The results show that sound butt joints without pores, cracks and other defects are obtained by this method. When the welding current is 100 A, welding speed is 62 mm/min, shielding gas flow is 15 L/min, the joint tensile strength can reach 240 MPa, fails at the heat affected zone of the copper side. The weld microstructure is white striped blocky CuZn4 compounds uniformly, distributes at the (α+η) eutectic, which consists of Zn-based and Al-based solid solution. The interface of the copper side is clear, and there are many intermetallic compounds near the interface. At interface of the aluminum side, there is gray black ball blocky α-phase aluminum solid solution organization distributing with chain shape linear distribution along the interface.
Key words: aluminum-copper dissimilar material; tungsten inert gas arc welding; mechanical property; microstructure
