(北京科技大学 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京 100083)
摘 要: 为了揭示氧化铜矿堆浸过程中散体介质及渗流状态的演化规律，通过阐述堆浸体系孔隙和裂隙双重介质概念，结合氧化铜酸浸实验、CT 技术和扫描电镜技术，在微观和细观层面研究孔隙和裂隙分形演化特征，得到孔隙率和渗透率随浸出时间的演化规律，建立氧化铜堆浸随时间演化的分形双重介质渗流模型。结果表明：氧化铜矿石经酸浸后，微观形貌变化较大，裂隙分形盒维数明显增加；而颗粒间孔隙的分形盒维数略微减小。考虑了堆浸双重介质、介质间窜流、动态孔隙率和渗透率以及分形演化规律的渗流模型更符合实际，可在理论上揭示溶浸液渗流过程的一般规律。
关键字: 氧化铜；堆浸；分形；双重介质；渗流
（Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines,Ministry of Education,
University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China）
Abstract:In order to reveal the evolution rules of granular ore medium and seepage state in the process of copper oxide ore heap leaching,the concept of pore-fracture double-porosity media in dump leaching was illustrated,and the pore-fracture fractal evolution characteristics were researched in microscopic and mesoscopic level by the copper oxide acid leaching experiments,CT and SEM techniques. The evolution rules of the porosity and permeability with leaching time were obtained,and the fractal seepage model of copper oxide dump leaching for double-porosity system was established. The results show that the microstructure of copper oxide changes greatly after acid leaching,the fracture fractal dimension increases obviously; but the fractal dimension of pore between particles decreases a little. The seepage model is more realistic to consider the dual media,interporosity flow state between the media,dynamic porosity and permeability,and the fractal evolution rules,which can reveal the general rule of seepage process in dump leaching.
Key words: copper oxide; dump leaching; fractal; media with double-porosity; seepage
