(北京科技大学 土木与环境工程学院 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京 100083)
摘 要: 基于电渗理论，提出利用外加直流电场强化细粒散体浸堆中溶浸液渗流的方法，通过实验研究与机理分析探讨电场作用对细粒散体渗透特性的影响。结果表明：电场作用能够降低双电层厚度，使渗流通道的截面积增加，溶液渗流阻力降低，溶浸液的渗流速度增大；其次，电场对颗粒微孔隙间及渗流盲区的毛细水起到电渗驱动作用，促进不动液的流动；浸堆的渗透系数随着电场强度的增大先增加后降低，高电场强度下容易发生电解现象及电渗固结现象，存在能够使渗流系数达到极值的最优电场强度；颗粒粒径越小，最优电场强度越低，浸堆的导电能力就越好，电场作用对浸堆的渗透性影响越明显，渗透系数的增加幅度随着颗粒粒径的减小呈指数增加趋势。
关键字: 外加电场；细粒散体；电渗理论；渗透性
（Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, Ministry of Education,
School of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:Based on the electro-osmosis theory, a method of applied eclectic field to strengthen solution seepage in fine granules heap was put forward, and the influence of electric field on permeability was discussed through experimental research and mechanism analysis. The results show that the electric field can remove bound water and reduce the thickness of double electrode layer, lead to sectional area addition of seepage channel and seepage resistance reduction. Capillary water in seepage dead zone and micro-porosity of particle can be driven by electric field, and the seepage velocity is improved. Permeability coefficient of leaching system first increases and then decreases with the increase of electric field intensity. Electrolysis and electro-osmotic consolidation will happen more easily in high electric field strength. The particle size is smaller, the ability of electric conduction is better, and the optimal electric field strength is lower, the influence of electric field effects on permeability of the leaching system is more obvious, the increase amplitude of permeability index increases with the decrease of particle size.
Key words: applied electric field; fine granules; electro-osmosis theory; permeability
