(1. 中国科学院 过程工程研究所 多相复杂系统国家重点实验室, 北京 100190；
2. 北京科技大学 土木与环境工程学院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 采用硫酸铵焙烧-水浸出-细菌浸出处理工艺，研究高镁型低品位硫化镍矿的浸出工艺路线及矿物的转化机理。结果表明：镍、铜、镁和铁的浸出率分别可达93.24%、92.07%、62.67%和63.39%；焙烧和细菌浸出对矿物都有选择性，焙烧过程中含铁较高的蛇纹石易与硫酸铵相作用，铁元素生成无水铁铵矾，镁元素生成 (NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3和镁橄榄石，和原矿中的橄榄石一起在水浸、细菌浸出过程中溶解进入溶液。含铁量较低的蛇纹石在焙烧、水浸过程中基本不发生变化，只有少量铁元素在细菌浸出过程中被浸出，而镁随蛇纹石损失于细菌浸出渣；含铜、镍矿物同硫酸铵相作用生成硫酸盐，在水浸、细菌浸出过程中进入溶液；磁黄铁矿焙烧后生成的赤铁矿在水浸、细菌浸出过程中被少量浸出，剩余部分残留于细菌浸出渣，造成氧化铁的损失。
关键字: 硫化镍矿；硫酸铵焙烧；嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌；微生物浸出；选择性浸出
（1. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:The leaching process and mechanism of high magnesium low grade nickel sulphide ore were studied by ammonium sulfate roasting-water leaching-bacterial leaching technology, and the mineral transformation mechanism was also researched. The results show that the leaching rates of Ni, Cu, Mg and Fe are 93.24%, 92.07%, 62.67% and 63.39%, respectively. The roasting and bacterial leaching processes are selective for minerals. The serpentine with high iron content is easy to react with ammonium sulfate in the roasting process. Iron element in serpentine generates anhydrous ammonium alum. Magnesium element in serpentine generates (NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3 and forsterite, which dissolve into the solution in the process of water and bacterial leaching with olivine in the ore. The serpentine with low iron content basically does not change in the process, only a small amount of iron element is leached in the bacterial leaching process, while magnesium is not easy to be leached and finally left in bacterial leaching slag. Copper and nickel sulfide minerals react with ammonium sulfate to form sulfate, which dissolve in solution in the water and bacterial leaching process. Pyrrhotite generates hematite in the roasting process, little part of which is leached in the water and bacterial leaching process. The remaining part is left in the bacterial leaching residue, resulting in the loss of iron oxide.
Key words: nickel sulfide; ammonium sulfate; roasting; A.ferrooxidans bacteria; bacterial leaching; selective leaching
