(东北大学 材料与冶金学院，沈阳 110819)
摘 要: 为了高效回收高铅铜阳极泥中贵金属，改进阳极泥的现行生产工艺，采用XRD、SEM和显微镜等对阳极泥进行工艺矿物学研究。结果表明：阳极泥的颗粒较细，成分复杂，贵金属主要为Au 0.33%、Ag 9.94%、Pd 0.1%(质量分数)；贱金属主要为Cu 16.35%、Pb 13.74%。主要物相包括金以及金铅合金、铜银硒化合物、硫酸盐、砷酸盐、锑酸盐以及氧化物。分析得知，金主要有单质金以及金铅合金两种物相，其质量比约为3:1。其粒度大小不均匀，最大粒度为15 μm，最小粒度为0.1 μm。单质金常常被包裹在硫酸铜里面，因而，在提取金之前要先脱铜。银以硒化银和铜银硒的形式存在，3种元素混溶形成固溶体。主要贱金属铜为单质铜、硫酸铜、铜银硒以及黄铜矿。铅为硫酸铅、锑酸铅、砷酸铅以及硫化铅；砷锑铋化合物主要包括砷酸铅、锑酸铅、砷酸铋和砷酸锑。结构特征分析表明：高铅铜阳极泥以硫酸铜为基底，氧化镍常包裹单质铜，砷酸锑常包裹黄铜矿，硫酸钡与硫酸铅常交互生长。
关键字: 铜阳极泥；工艺矿物学；贵金属；金；银；高铅
（School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China）
Abstract:In order to improve the technology of the process of noble metal extracted from high lead copper anode slime, the process mineralogy was investigated by XRD, SEM and microscope. The particle size of high lead anode slime is small, and the composition is complex. The main noble metals are Au 0.33%, Ag 9.94% and Pd 0.1% (mass fraction), and the main base metals are Cu 16.35% and Pb 13.74%. The chief phases include Au and gold-lead alloy, eukairite, sulfate, arsenate, antimonate and oxygen. The results show that there are two main phases of gold as elemental gold and gold-lead alloy with the mass ratio of approximately 3:1. The particle size is uneven, the biggest particle size is about 15 μm and the smallest one is about 0.1 μm. The elemental Au is often wrapped in copper sulfate, so, Cu should be removal before extracting Au. Ag exists in silver selenide and eukairite. Three elements are miscible and form a solid solution. Cu and Pb are major base metal. Cu exists in Cu, copper sulphate, eukairite and chalcopyrite. Pb exists in lead sulfate, lead antimonite, lead arsenate and lead sulphide. Arsenic antimony bismuth compounds mainly include lead antimonite, bismuth arsenate and antimony arsenate. The characteristics of the structure indicates that bought-out anode slime structured on copper sulphate, nickel oxide constantly wrapped copper, antimony arsenate constantly wrapped chalcopyrite, barium sulfate and lead sulfate constantly growed interactively.
Key words: copper anode slime; process mineralogy; noble metal; Au; Ag; high lead
