(四川长虹电器股份有限公司，绵阳 621000)
摘 要: 采用湿式破碎分选，硫酸-硫代硫酸钠浸出，碱和P204萃取除杂，P507萃取分离钴和锂，用草酸和碳酸钠沉淀法从废旧锂电池中回收草酸钴和碳酸锂，研究废旧锂离子电池的综合利用。结果表明：湿式破碎分选能有效分离出约97%(质量分数)的铜铝混合物、有机薄膜、钴酸锂和碳粉混合物，且能防止氟化氢气体的生成；硫酸-硫代硫酸钠浸出含少量铜、铝的钴酸锂和碳粉混合物最佳条件如下：氢离子浓度3 mol/L、硫代硫酸钠浓度0.25 mol/L、液固比15:1(液体体积与固液质量之比，mL/g)、反应温度90 ℃、反应时间2.5 h，钴和锂的浸出率大于97%；通过除杂能有效去除大部分镍、铜和铝等杂质，制得草酸钴纯度为98.4%，碳酸锂纯度为99.3%。
关键字: 废旧锂离子电池；回收；破碎分选；浸出；除杂；沉淀
（Sichuan Changhong Electric Co., Ltd., Mianyang 621000, China）
Abstract:Cobalt oxalate and lithium carbonate were recovered from spent lithium-ion batteries via several processes, including wet crushing and separation, leaching with the mixture of sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulfate, purification with alkali and P204, and extraction separation with P507. The results show that about 97% (mass fraction) copper aluminum mixture, organic membrane, lithium cobalt oxide and carbon powder mixture can be effectively separated by wet crushing and separation. This process can also prevent the generation of hydrogen fluoride. Moreover, the optimal condition for the process is as follows: 3 mol/L hydrogen ion and 0.25 mol/L sodium thiosulfate, ratio of liquid to solid 15:1 (ratio of liquid volume to solid mass, mL/g), leaching temperature 90 ℃, leaching time 2.5 h, extraction rates of cobalt and lithium over 97%. Subsequently, most impurities, such as nickel, copper and aluminum, can be removed by the following purification. The final purities of cobalt oxalate and lithium carbonate reach 98.4% and 99.3%, respectively.
Key words: spent lithium-ion batteries; recovery; crushing and separation; leaching; purification; precipitation
