(北京科技大学 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京 100083)
摘 要: 为解决低品位硫化铜矿难浸的问题，对黄铜矿进行超声波强化浸出实验。通过测量溶液黏度、表面张力、电导率、溶氧度以及铜浸出率，考察超声波对浸出液性质的改变以及对铜矿石浸出的影响。结果表明，超声波可以降低溶浸液的表面张力和黏度，增加溶浸液的电导率和溶氧度，从而加快反应速度。超声波作用下Cu的浸出率与对照实验相比提高了5.6%~14.8%。对浸出前后的矿石表面进行电镜扫描发现，超声波可以防止黄铜矿浸出过程中钝化膜的形成，加快浸出过程。引入超声强化浸出反应速度常数Kc，建立超声强化浸出反应动力学模型。根据浸出反应的动力学模型对超声波强化浸出机理进行分析。
关键字: 黄铜矿；浸出；超声强化；动力学模型
（State Key Laboratory of High-efficient Ming and Safety of Metal Mines,
Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:In order to solve the difficulties in leaching low grade copper sulfide, the chalcopyrite leaching experiment intensified by ultrasonic wave was carried out. The effects of ultrasonic wave on the property change of the leaching solution and the leaching of copper ore were investigated by measuring the surface tension, solution viscosity, electric conductivity, dissolvability of oxygen and leaching rate of Cu. The results show that by the effect of ultrasonic wave the surface tension and viscosity decrease, whereas the electric conductivity and dissolvability of oxygen increase. Thus, the reaction velocity is speeded up. Under the conditions of ultrasonic wave, the leaching rate of Cu increases by 5.6%-14.8% compared with that of the control test. The ore-particle surfaces before and after leaching were observed by SEM. It is found that ultrasonic wave can effectively prevent from forming the passivating film on the surface of ore-particle during the leaching process, and then accelerate the leaching process. A kinetics model of leaching reaction intensified by ultrasonic wave was established by introducing intensified reaction rate constant Kc. The leaching mechanism intensified by ultrasonic wave was analyzed according to the kinetics models.
Key words: chalcopyrite; leaching; ultrasonic wave intensifying; kinetic model
