(中南大学 冶金科学与工程学院，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 为减小传统铝电解槽内铝液中存在的较大水平电流，提出一种阴极钢棒加高型阴极。采用含电接触的有限元模型计算钢棒加高型阴极结构的电场，考察此种阴极对于铝液中水平电流的优化作用。计算结果表明：选择合适的加高位置及加高高度可使铝液中X向水平电流密度的最大值和平均值有效减小，并且可以优化X向水平电流密度的分布，而对于减小Z向水平电流密度的最大值也有一定作用。以300 kA铝电解槽的阴极为例，在距阴极炭块边缘800 mm处钢棒上加高70 mm至90 mm时为最佳加高设计；同时钢棒加高型阴极结构的电压降小于传统结构的，铝液中的等势线分布更平缓。
关键字: 铝电解；阴极压降；加高钢棒；水平电流
（School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Based on the target of reducing the large horizontal current in metal pad of aluminum reduction cells, a kind of cathode with heightened collector bars was improved. The electric field of the cathode was calculated by using finite element method with an electric contact model, and the optimization effect to horizontal current in metal pad was examined. The results show that an appropriate design scheme of heightened collector bars can effectively reduce the maximum and average values of horizontal current density along X axis in the metal pad, and optimize the current density. The maximum value of horizontal current density along Z axis in metal pad can be reduced at the same time. For the case of cathodes in 300 kA aluminum reduction cells, the best design of heightened position is at a distance of about 800 mm from the edge of cathode carbon block, and the beneficial heightened height ranges from 70 to 90 mm, the cathode with heightened collector bars has a lower voltage drop than the traditional one, and the iso-potential curves in the metal pad shows slightly.
Key words: aluminum electrolysis; cathode voltage drop; heightened collector bar; horizontal current
