(北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院，北京 100124)
摘 要: 采用生命周期评价方法(Life cycle assessment, LCA)对2008年我国原铝和再生铝生产过程的能耗及温室效应进行分析，并与国际水平进行比较，找出存在差距的主要原因。结果表明：与2003年相比，2008年我国原铝生产能耗下降约16%，温室气体排放下降21%，在节能减排方面取得了显著成效。我国原铝生产能耗和温室气体排放仍高于欧洲及世界平均水平，主要原因是我国铝生产过程的能源供应结构以煤为主，电力供应以火电为主。我国再生铝生产能耗仅为原铝生产总能耗的4.86%，温室效应仅为原铝生产的1/24；与国外水平相比，主要差距在于运输过程的能耗和燃料的碳排放较高。
关键字: 生命周期评价；原铝；再生铝；能耗；温室效应
（College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China）
Abstract:Based on life cycle assessment (LCA), a quantitative analysis of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission caused by primary aluminum and recycled aluminum in China in 2008 was carried out. The main reason for the gap between China and international average level was found out through the comparison. The results show that, compared to the status of 2003, the energy consumption of primary aluminum production has reduced by about 16%. The greenhouse gas emission has declined by 21% and a remarkable achievement in energy saving has been made. The global warming potential (GWP) also reduce sharply. The results show that the aluminum industry has made remarkable achievement in energy saving and emission reduction. The energy consumption and GWP of primary aluminum in China are still higher than that in European and the world average, mainly due to coal-based energy structure. The energy consumption of recycled aluminum production is only 4.86% of the primary aluminum, the GWP is only 1/24 of the primary aluminum. Compared with the foreign level, the main difference in recycled aluminum is that the energy consumption is higher in transportation and high carbon emission of fuel.
Key words: life cycle assessment (LCA); primary aluminum; recycled aluminum; energy consumption; greenhouse gas
