(1. 中南大学 能源科学与工程学院，长沙 410083；2. 东营方圆有色金属有限公司，东营 257091)
摘 要: 对氧气底吹熔炼过程气体喷吹行为、造锍熔炼化学反应机理及熔炼炉内热工作状态进行理论分析及水模型实验和取样分析验证。结果表明，氧气底吹气流能使熔体形成均匀的扩散区，实现熔体的搅拌，在气体连续相区和液体连续相区，气−液、液−液之间的相互作用强烈，为炉内化学反应及传热传质提供了良好的动力学条件；氧气底吹熔炼过程在零配煤的情况下能达到自热熔炼，在节能减排方面，该工艺具有很强的优势；获得了铜渣、冰铜和蘑菇头中各组分的形貌，确定了铜渣、冰铜和蘑菇头的物相组成，渣样主要由冰铜相、磁铁矿相、铁橄榄石相和玻璃体相组成，熔炼内的氧势和硫势分布有利于反应的进行，能有效抑制Fe3O4的形成以及降低渣含铜。
关键字: 铜熔炼；氧气底吹；熔炼机理；氧势；硫势；熔炼产物；微观分析
（1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Dongying Fangyuan Nonferrous Metal Co., Ltd., Dongying 257091, China）
Abstract:The theoretical analysis and verification by water modeling experiment, and the sampling test analysis was carried out to study the behavior of gas injection, the chemical reaction mechanism and the thermal status of matte smelting in the oxygen bottom blowing smelting process. The results show that the melt can be stirred to form a homogeneous diffusion region by the flow in oxygen bottom blowing. In the region of continuous gas or liquid phase, the intense interactions between gas and liquid or pure liquid provide a good kinetic condition for the chemical reaction and heat and mass transfer in the furnace. Without coal blending, the autogenous smelting process can be achieved in oxygen- enriched bottom blowing process which has a great advantage in the energy saving and emission reduction. The morphology of each component in the copper slag, copper matte and mushroom was identified, and the phase composition was determined. The slag samples are mainly composed of matte phase, magnetite phase, fayalite phase and vitreous phase, the distribution of oxygen potential and sulfur potential has a favorable effect on the reaction in the furnace and can effectively restrain the formation of Fe3O4 and reduce copper in the slag.
Key words: copper smelting; oxygen bottom blowing; smelting mechanism; oxygen potential; sulfur potential; smelting product; microanalysis
