(1. 湖南大学 汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室，长沙 410082；
2. 湖南大学 材料科学与工程学院，长沙 410082；3. 深圳大学 机电与控制工程学院，深圳 518060)
摘 要: 将Al-Mg-Si合金型材在180 ℃条件下分别时效30~540 min，采用WAW-E600型微机控制电液伺服万能试验机研究不同时效状态的铝合金型材在准静态压缩条件下的变形模式与吸能性能。结果表明：随时效时间的延长，Al-Mg-Si型材的压缩变形模式由金刚石模式逐渐转变为手风琴模式，型材吸能性能提高；在180 ℃时效540 min时，型材变形完全转变为手风琴模式，其吸能性能较未时效型材的提高99%。通过在型材上端侧壁开孔可降低第一峰值载荷7%~12%，并影响型材的变形模式，开孔后型材变形模式均为混合模式或手风琴模式，该转变提高了型材变形的稳定性。对于原变形模式为金刚石模式的试样，开设诱导孔后，试样变形名义载荷增加，吸能性能提高；原变形模式为混合模式与手风琴模式的试样，开设诱导孔后，吸能性能降低。
关键字: Al-Mg-Si型材；时效；诱导孔；准静态压缩；变形模式；吸能性能
（1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University,
Changsha 410082, China;
2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
3. College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China）
Abstract:The deformation modes and energy absorption capacity of Al-Mg-Si profiles under quasi-static axial compression were studied by WAW-E600 microcomputer controlled electric-hydraulic servo universal testing machine. The Al-Mg-Si profiles were respectively aged at 180 ℃ from 30 min to 540 min. The results indicate that the deformation mode of the aluminum extrusions is gradually changed from diamond mode to concertina mode and the energy absorption of the extrusions increases with increasing aging time. When aged at 180 ℃ for 540 min, the deformation mode is completely transformed into concertina mode and the energy absorption increases by 99% compared with that of the unaged alloy. Drilling holes on the sidewalls near the upper end of the profiles can decrease the peak load by about 7%~12% and change the deformation mode into mixed mode or concertina mode, which improves the stability of sample during deformation. As to samples with diamond mode before drilling holes, the mean load of the samples during deformation increases and the energy absorption are improved after drilling induced holes. On the contrary, the energy absorption of the samples with mixed mode or concertina mode reduces after drilling holes.
Key words: Al-Mg-Si profiles; aging; induced hole; quasi-static compression; deformation mode; energy absorption capacity
