(1. 西安理工大学 材料科学与工程学院，西安 710048；
2. 西安交通大学 理学院，西安 710049)
摘 要: 以松装熔渗−热旋锻技术制备的钨铜线材为电极和被烧材料分别进行烧蚀实验，研究其烧蚀特性。利用带能谱的扫描电镜分析钨铜线材烧蚀前后的组织形貌、物相组成和质量变化。结果表明：钨铜线材由钨和铜两相组成，钨颗粒镶嵌在铜相中形成致密的网络状结构。作为电极，线材沿横向和纵向均有铜相飞溅、挥发，仅留下近球状的钨骨架，线材的烧蚀速率较大。作为被烧材料，在靠近电极附近，铜相挥发完全，线材钨骨架裸露在电弧高温作用下形成脆性的氧化物，呈针状结构；而在远离电极区域的线材表面出现龟裂现象，同时线材的烧蚀速率较小。
关键字: 钨铜线材；显微组织；烧蚀性能；热旋锻
（1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
2. School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China）
Abstract:The microstructure, phase composition and mass variation of W-Cu wire made by loose, packing infiltration- hot swaging were studied by scanning electrical microscopy. The results show that the W-Cu wire constitutes tungsten phase and copper phase, the tungsten particles embed in copper phase to form a network structure. As electrode, the splashing and volatilization of copper phase happen along both cross range and longitudinal direction, only tungsten skeleton is left, its mass ablation rate is larger. As burned material, the copper phase all volatilizes close to the electrode, the tungsten skeleton exposed under the high arc temperature forms fragile oxides, which present needle structure. The wire surface appears alligator cracking far from the electrode and its mass ablation rate is relatively smaller.
Key words: W-Cu wire; microstructure; ablation properties; hot swaging
