(南京航空航天大学 机电工程学院，南京 210016)
摘 要: 在磨擦辅助电铸镍过程中，通过改变游离微珠对电铸层表面的磨擦强弱，制备不同力学性能的镍电铸层。对所制备镍电铸层的表面形貌、织构等微观结构和显微硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率等性能进行测试和分析。结果表明：采用卧式放置的阴极能制得材料组织结构均匀的电铸层。且随着阴极表面线速度的提高，游离微珠对电铸层的整平作用和晶粒细化作用增强。在不同线速度下采用旋转阴极可以制备大范围力学性能的镍电铸层，其表面粗糙度为0.15~0.03 μm、硬度为185~410HV、抗拉强度为525~1 020 MPa、伸长率为24%~4%。
关键字: 镍；电铸；力学性能；摩擦
（College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
Nanjing 210016, China）
Abstract:During the abrasive-assisted electroforming process of nickel, the electroformed nickel deposits with different mechanical properties were prepared by changing the friction strength of the free particles on the surface of the deposits. The morphology and texture of the deposits were studied, and the microhardness, tensile strength and elongation were also measured. The results show that the homogeneous microstructure of the deposits is obtained with the horizontal cathode. The surface smoothness is improved and the nickel crystal grain is refined with the increase of the linear velocity on the surface of the cathode. The electroformed nickel deposits can be obtained with a wide range of mechanical properties at different speeds of the rotating cathode. The surface roughness of the electroformed nickel deposits is in the range from 0.15 μm to 0.03 μm, the hardness is in the range from 185HV to 410HV, the tensile strength is in the range from 525 MPa to 1 020 MPa, and the elongation is in the range from 24% to 4%.
Key words: nickel; electroforming; mechanical performance; friction
