(1. 中南大学 冶金科学与工程学院，长沙 410083；2. 山东理工大学 化学工程学院，淄博 255081)
摘 要: 运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和X射线能谱等分析手段，对山东某地深度氧化锌贫矿提锌后渣进行工艺矿物学特征分析可知，矿物中金属赋存状态复杂，属难选矿物。开发出氯盐一步法浸出铅和银的新工艺，考察反应温度、NaCl浓度、添加剂用量、液固比、HCl加入量和浸出时间对浸出过程的影响。结果表明：加入添加剂对铅的浸出率没有影响，但可以显著提高银的浸出率。条件试验研究得出最佳工艺条件如下：浸出温度90 ℃、NaCl浓度390 g/L、添加剂用量15 mL、液固比(质量比)7׃1、HCl加入量3 mL、浸出时间3 h。在此最佳工艺条件下，铅的浸出率达到95%左右，银的浸出率达到90%左右。
关键字: 氧化锌贫矿；铅；银；提锌渣；氯盐；浸出
residue after zinc extraction of low-grade zinc oxide ores
（1. School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. College of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255081, China）
Abstract:According to the mineral analysis of the residue after zinc extraction of low-grade zinc oxide by XRD, SEM and EDS, the occurring state of metals is complicated and difficult to be treated by mineral process. A novel process of treating the residue by chloride leaching was developed. The effects of experimental conditions, i.e., reaction temperature, NaCl concentration, liquid-solid ratio, HCl amount and immersion time, on the leaching process were investigated. The results show that the additive does not affect the leaching rate of Pb, while it can increase the leaching rate of Ag significantly. The best technology conditions are obtained as follows: leaching temperature 90 ℃, NaCl concentration 390 g/L, additive amount 15 mL, liquid-solid ratio (mass ratio) 7:1, HCl amount 3 mL and immersion time 3 h. Under the optimal conditions the leaching rates of Pb and Ag can reach about 95% and 90%, respectively.
Key words: low-grade zinc oxide ore; Pb; Ag; residue after zinc extraction; chloride; leaching
