(中南大学 冶金科学与工程学院,长沙 410083)
摘 要: 总结了国内外在铝电解槽电热场、热应力场及电磁流场方面的研究进展,指出当前多物理场仿真计算算法的不足,介绍了最新开发的“液(电解质)−液(铝)−气”和“液−气−固(颗粒)”两类三相流模型、多物理场(电、磁、热、流、力、浓度分布场等)、磁流体稳定性和电流效率三维耦合仿真模型与算法,并提出基于多相−多场耦合仿真的大型铝电解槽结构与生产工艺综合优化方法,发现大型铝电解槽在3.7~3.9 V低电压下高效、低电耗、低排放、稳定运行的状态空间,并确立相应的工艺实现条件。
关键字: 铝电解槽;电热场;热应力场;电磁流场;数值仿真
(School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)
Abstract:The electro-thermal fields, thermal-stress fields and electro-magneto-flow fields of aluminium electrolysis cells were concluded, and the weaknesses of the current multi-physical field computation were pointed out. On the basis of this, the two kinds of latest developed “liquid(electrolyte)-liquid(melt metal)-gas” and “liquid-gas-solid(particles)” three-phase models and the 3D simulation coupling models and algorithms of multi-physical field (electric, magnetic, thermal, flow, stress and concentration distribution fields, etc), magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) stability and current efficiency were introduced, and the comprehensive optimization of structure and production process for large-scale cells based on multiphase and multifield coupled simulation was put forward. The state space of large-scale cells steadily operating under the low voltage of 3.7−3.9 V with high current efficiency, low energy consumption and less emission was found, and the corresponding technology realizing condition was established.
Key words: aluminium reduction cell; electro-thermal field; thermal-stress field; electro-magneto-flow field; numerical simulation