(西北工业大学 凝固技术国家重点实验室，西安 710072)
摘 要: 为了得到合理的316L不锈钢/Cu 梯度复合材料结构，基于316L不锈钢/Cu复合材料的微观组织与宏观结构建立相应的单胞模型和复合材料模型，并采用有限元软件ANSYS对两种模型进行残余热应力的数值模拟，分析复合材料内的等效应力和主应力的分布规律。结果表明：对于单胞模型，残余热应力分布形态不仅与不锈钢球溶解程度相关，而且与其溶解形态也有关系，并且随着不锈钢的溶解，平均等效应力的大小分布发生了转移，较大的平均应力从基体转移到了增强体。对于复合材料模型，随着不锈钢球的溶解，梯度复合区内的等效应力呈梯度减小分布，表现为平滑的应力过渡，因此，可以在复合区与铜相接连处得到缓和的热应力分布。
关键字: 梯度复合材料；微观组织；热应力；有限元分析
in 316L stainless steel/Cu graded composite material
（State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China）
Abstract:In order to get a reasonable 316L stainless steel /Cu graded composite structure, the cell and composite finite element models based on the actual microstructure and macrostructure of 316L stainless steel/Cu composite material were established to analyse the residual thermal stress. This analysis was based on the commercial finite element software ANSYS. The distributions of von Mises effective stress and principal stress in composite were presented. The results show that, in the cell model, the distribution of residual thermal stress in composite material is not only concerned with the dissolution degree, but also with the morphology of stainless steel balls, and the distribution of average von Mises effective stress shifts and the reinforcement sustains the larger stress than the matrix with the dissolution of stainless steel balls. In the composite model, the von Mises effective stress is gradually reduced in graded areas of composite material, showing a relatively smooth transition of stress, so the thermal stress between composite material and copper can be released by the gradient of dissolved stainless steel balls.
Key words: functional graded material; microstructure; thermal stress; finite element analysis (FEM)
