(1. 昆明理工大学 国土资源工程学院，昆明 650093；2. 山东省费县国土资源局，费县 273400)
摘 要: 研究云南锡业公司(云锡)脉锡型尾矿粗粒部分的工艺矿物学特性；开发焙烧−凝聚−磁选回收锡和铁的短流程新工艺；采用SEM、XRD和EDS等技术对原矿和焙砂的微观结构及矿物组成进行表征，分析锡铁矿物与脉石矿物及锡石与铁矿物的分离机理。结果表明：锡主要呈微细粒嵌布于或以类质同象的形式存在于铁矿物中，少量锡嵌布于脉石矿物中，采用常规重选、浮选和磁选等工艺不能有效地分离锡铁矿物和脉石矿物及综合回收锡和铁；采用焙烧−凝聚−磁选新工艺，当焙烧温度为898 K、还原剂3用量为5%(质量分数)、焙烧时间为40 min和凝聚剂用量为6 kg/t时，可获得品位和回收率分别为66.58%和86.16%的铁精矿以及4.56%和63.80%的锡精矿，实现了锡铁矿物与脉石矿物的高效分离及锡和铁的同步回收。
关键字: 脉锡尾矿；焙烧；凝聚；磁选；短流程
（1. Faculty of Land and Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology,
Kunming 650093, China;
2. Feixian Bureau of Land and Resource, Shandong Province, Feixian 273400, China）
Abstract:A short-process and novel technology of recovering tin and iron by roasting−cohesion−magnetic separation from the coarse-grained part of the vein tin tailings in Yunnan Tin Group in China, was developed based on the investigation on properties of mineralogy. The changes in micromorphology and phase composition were discussed by SEM, EDS and XRD, and the separation mechanism of tin and iron minerals with gangue minerals or tin minerals with iron minerals was analyzed. The results show that tin minerals are mainly disseminated in iron minerals in the form of superfine grains and isomorphism, and few in gangue minerals. Thus, the gravity, flotation and magnetic process are unable to separate tin and iron minerals from gangue minerals effectively or recover tin and iron comprehensively. The iron concentrate with a grade of 66.58% Fe and a recovery of 86.16% and the tin concentrate with a grade of 4.56% Sn and a recovery of 63.80% can be obtained under the conditions of roasting temperature of 898 K, roasting time of 40 min, mass fraction of reducing agent 3 of 5% (mass fraction) and cohesion agent of 6 kg/t by the new technology. The high-efficiently separation and synchronous recovery of tin and iron minerals are realized.
Key words: vein tin tailings; roasting; cohesion; magnetic separation; short-process
