(合肥工业大学 摩擦学研究所，合肥 230009)
摘 要: 采用常规粉末冶金方法制备无铅含铋铜−钢双金属轴承材料，在HDM−20端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行边界润滑条件下的摩擦磨损试验，分析无铅含铋铜−钢双金属轴承材料的减摩、抗粘着性能及其承载能力，并与典型的铜铅轴承材料(Cu10Sn10Pb)及铜锡合金材料的性能进行对比。结果表明：无铅含铋铜轴承材料中的低熔点组元铋(熔点为271 ℃)能阻碍因油膜破裂而引起的摩擦副局部区域的直接接触，体现出较好的减摩和抗粘着性能；当铋含量为3.0%(质量分数)时，无铅含铋铜基轴承材料的减摩，抗粘着咬合性能良好，承载能力较强，接近或优于典型铜铅轴承材料的性能。
关键字: 含铋铜基；轴承材料；无铅；摩擦学特性
copper-steel bimetal bearing materials
（Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China）
Abstract:Lead-free Bi-contained copper-steel bimetal bearing materials were prepared by powder metallurgy method, their friction and wear tests were conducted by using the HDM−20 tribometer under boundary lubrication conditions. The anti-friction, anti-adhesion and load carrying capacity of the lead-free Bi-contained copper matrix bearing materials were also analyzed and compared with those of the typical copper-lead bearing material (Cu10Sn10Pb). The results show that the addition of Bi can improve the anti-friction and anti-adhesion performances of the bearing materials because Bi with lower melting point (271 ℃) can be melted and move to the surface to prevent the direct contact of counterfaces as the oil films rupture during sliding, which results in good performances of anti-friction and anti-adhesion. To achieve better performances of anti-friction, anti-adhesion and load carrying capacity of the bearing materials, the optimal addition of Bi is 3.0% (mass fraction) under increasing loads, their performances are close to or better than those of the typical copper-lead bearing materials.
Key words: Bi-contained copper; bearing material; lead-free; tribological properties
