Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

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中国有色金属学报

ZHONGGUO YOUSEJINSHU XUEBAO

第20卷    第z1期    总第1期    2010年10月

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文章编号:1004-0609(2010)S1-s0906-08
变形钛及钛合金熔炼技术
李  雄1,庞克昌1,郭  华2,李红恩3

(1. 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 特钢事业部,上海 200740;
2. 沈阳飞机工业(集团)有限公司 冶金处,沈阳110034;
3. 沈阳飞机设计研究所 材料应用室,沈阳 110035
)

摘 要: 讨论变形钛及钛合金的3种主要熔炼方法。高密度夹杂和低密度夹杂是导致钛及钛合金制品疲劳裂纹和锻造裂纹的两种主要缺陷,真空自耗电弧熔炼(VAR)去除这两种缺陷的能力有限,而电子束冷床炉(EBCHM)和等离子冷床炉(PACHM)熔炼却有很好的效果,但HM+VAR工艺的铸锭仍有低密度夹杂存在。多次VAR熔炼会加剧合金成分不均匀,而CHM熔炼的铸锭成分不均匀程度更大。EB炉适合熔炼纯钛和低合金钛,PA炉适合熔炼钛合金,前者元素挥发较厉害,后者的铸锭中存在气孔和表面冷隔。HM熔炼的扁锭对轧制板材具有成本优势,而对其他类型的产品这种优势可能不复存在。基于成本的考虑,对熔炼技术的掌握程度是一个不可忽视的因素。

 

关键字: 变形钛;钛合金;真空自耗电弧熔炼;电子束冷床熔炼;等离子冷床熔炼;熔炼成本

Melting technology of wrought Ti and Ti alloy
LI Xiong1, PANG Ke-chang1, GUO Hua2, LI Hong-en3

1. Special Steel Business Unit, Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200740, China;
2. Metallurgy Department, Shenyang Aricraft Industries Group, Shenyang 110035, China;
3. Material Application Office, Shenyang Aircraft Design & Research Institute, Shenyang 110034, China

Abstract:The main three kinds of melt methods were discussed for wrought Ti and Ti alloy. High-density inclusions (HDIs) and low-density inclusions (LDIs) can initiate the fatigue cracks and forging cracks. Both electron-beam cold hearth melting (EBCHM) and plasma-arc cold hearth melting (PACHM) processes have significantly greater capabilities to eliminate LDIs and HDIs compared with the three VAR processes (3-VAR), however LDIs are found in a few HM+VAR heats. Although repeated VAR makes the chemical composition heterogeneity become serious, it is still better than HM. The melting of Ti alloys using EBCHM makes the marked volatile of high vapor pressure alloying elements, EB furnace is more suitable for melting CPTi and low alloy titanium. PACHM is a good process for melting titanium alloy, despite existing gas pores within ingots and cold shuts in the ingot surfaces. There is cost advantage directly rolling into plate and sheet products by HM compared with two VAR processes (2-VAR) to cost Ti and Ti alloy into a rectangular ingot, while the advantage maybe no longer exists for other types of products. Based on cost considerations, technical mastery of the melting should not be ignored.

 

Key words: wrought titanium; titanium alloy; vacuum arc remelting (VAR); electron-beam cold hearth melting (EBCHM); plasma-arc cold hearth melting (PACHM); melting cost

ISSN 1004-0609
CN 43-1238/TG
CODEN: ZYJXFK

ISSN 1003-6326
CN 43-1239/TG
CODEN: TNMCEW

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