(北京科技大学 冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 为了更好地控制Zn、Pb等重金属在熔融处理过程中的挥发行为，需要确切了解复杂体系中Zn、Pb等重金属化合物的饱和蒸气压、活度等重要的热力学参数。本研究描述了利用气流携带法测定复杂体系中Zn、Pb等重金属饱和蒸气压的试验装置的设计、安装和数据有效性检验过程。研究过程中利用该装置测定了不同温度条件下标准物质NaCl的饱和蒸气压并与文献参考值进行对比，结果显示测量值与文献参考值吻合较好；同时，测定了不同温度条件下FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3体系中ZnCl2的饱和蒸气压，结果显示970~1 030 K温度范围内上述体系中ZnCl2蒸气压随温度升高而升高，且ZnCl2蒸气压的对数与温度的倒数呈线性关系，与前人研究结果呈现出相似的趋势，说明利用该装置测试的数据是有效和可靠的。
关键字: 气流携带法；饱和蒸气压；标准物质；NaCl；ZnCl2
saturated vapor pressure in complex system
（School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,
University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:In order to effectively control the vaporization behaviors of heavy metals such as zinc and lead in smelting process, it is necessary to obtain the basic knowledge such as the saturated vapor pressure and activities of heavy metals in complex system. In this work, the process of designing, installing and testing of the apparatus, which tends to be applied for the measurements of the saturated pressure of zinc and lead chlorides in complex system by using of transpiration method, was introduced. This apparatus was used to measure the saturated vapor pressure of standard substance NaCl. The testing results show that the value obtained agrees reasonably well with the reference data. Additionally, the saturated vapor pressures of ZnCl2 in FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system were tested at different temperatures. And a linear relationship between the logarithmic value of the vapor pressure of ZnCl2 (lnp) and the reciprocal of temperature (1/T) is observed, which is similar with the previous research. All of these data above indicate that the present apparatus is suitable for detecting the vapor pressures of metal chlorides at high temperature.
Key words: transpiration method; saturated vapor pressure; standard substance; NaCl; ZnCl2
