(1. 昆明理工大学 真空冶金国家工程实验室，昆明 650093；
2. 昆明理工大学 云南省有色金属真空冶金重点实验室 冶金与能源工程学院，昆明 650093；
3. 昆明理工大学 材料科学与工程学院，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 采用XRD、气相色谱仪、EDS及质量损失等手段与方法，在不同反应温度、系统压力、添加剂及反应时间对氧化铝在碳热及氯化过程进行研究。结果表明：碳热与氯化过程生成的气体主要是CO，含量达98.4%(质量分数)以上；碳热过程在50~100 Pa、高于1 693 K时，Al4O4C与Al4C3开始生成，且含量随着温度的升高与保温时间的延长而增加；在1 Pa及1 773 K时，Al4O4C碳热转化为Al4C3；分别添加10%Fe2O3与10%SiO2(质量分数)，在40~100 Pa、1 803 K、保温120~150 min时，可使物料质量损失率达到26.70%与30.13%，促进碳热过程向生成Al4O4C与Al4C3方向进行；温度高于1 853 K不利于该反应的进行；碳热−氯化过程是Al2O3与Al4O4C、Al4C3及AlCl3共同反应生成低价氯化铝AlCl，气态AlCl进入低温区歧解得到金属铝。
关键字: 氧化铝；碳热还原；氯化法；氯化铝；真空冶金
（1.National Engineering Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology,
Kunming 650093, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgy and
Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
3. Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:Under conditions of different reaction temperatures, system pressures, additives and reaction time, the carbothermic behaviors and chloride behaviors of Al2O3 were investigated by XRD, gas chromatography, EDS and mass loss method. The results show that the gas forming in the process of carbothermic and chloride process is mainly CO, the content of CO reaches over 98.4%. Al4O4C and Al4C3 begin to generate under the conditions of 1 693 K and 50−100 Pa, and their contents increase with increasing temperature and prolonging reaction time. Under 1 Pa and 1 773 K, Al4O4C will transform into Al4C3. The mass loss rate of reactants reaches as high as 26.70% and 30.13% when added 10%Fe2O3 and 10%SiO2, respectively, under the conditions of 1 803 K, 120−150 min, and 40−100 Pa, which means that Fe2O3 and SiO2 can promote the carbothermic processes to generate Al4O4C and Al4C3, but the temperature over 1 853 K is not beneficial to progress the reaction. AlCl gas forms from AlCl3 reacting with Al2O3, Al4O4C and Al4C3 during alumina carbothermic reduction and chloride process, and AlCl gas disproportionates into Al and AlCl3 at low temperatures.
Key words: alumina; carbothermic reduction; chlorination; AlCl; vacuum metallurgy
