(1. 中南大学 物理科学与技术学院，长沙 410083；
2. 中南大学 材料科学与工程学院，长沙 410083；
3. 开平克德纳米材料有限公司，开平 510275)
摘 要: 用电爆炸法制备纳米金属Ni、Al、Cu和Fe粉。以纳米金属Ni粉为研究对象，用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)和能谱分析仪(EDS)分析其相组成和成分，用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)表征其形貌特征、晶体结构和粉体粒径，用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征其热稳定性和热焓值。结果表明：电爆炸法可以制备多种纳米金属粉体材料及熔点相差较大的合金材料；电爆炸法生产的金属粉体均为单质晶体，产品纯度高，且具有良好的热学性能；生产条件对样品的粒径和形貌影响较大，可以通过设定相应的制备参数来获得不同粒径和不同形貌的纳米金属粉体，如粒径分布在30~140 nm范围内(平均粒径为80 nm左右)的球状金属粉体，或粒径分布在30~50 nm范围内(平均粒径为40 nm左右)的不规则状金属粉体；电爆炸法生产能力大，产品质量高，可以实现工业化生产。
关键字: 纳米金属粉体；电爆炸法；粒径；热焓
nanosized metallic Ni powders by electrical explosion
（1. School of Physical Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. Kede Nanomaterials Co. Ltd., Kaiping 510275, China）
Abstract:Nanosized metallic Ni, Al, Cu and Fe powders were prepared by electrical explosion method. The phase composition and morphology were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The microstructures, phase structure and size distribution of the particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The thermal stability and enthalpy of the particles were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The results show that the nanosized powders of many metallic materials and alloys with large difference in melting points can be prepared by electrical explosion method. The powders prepared are of single phase crystals with high purity and the yield is adequate to meet the demand of commercialization. The working conditions have great influence on the particle size and shape. By adjusting individual processing parameters, the nanosized metallic powders with controllable shape and size distribution can be prepared. For spherical powders, the particle size obtained ranges from 30 to 140 nm with an average of 80 nm; and for irregular powders, the particle size changes from 30 to 50 nm with an average of 40 nm.
Key words: nanosized metallic powder; electrical explosion method; particle size; enthalpy
