(中南大学 化学化工学院，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 为了提高异极矿在碱性溶液中的浸出效率， 采用QM-1SP行星球磨机对云南南坪异极矿进行机械活化强化浸出研究。通过浸出动力学实验、扫描电镜分析(SEM)、粒度分析、热重−差热分析、X射线衍射分析探讨机械活化对异极矿晶体结构和浸出行为影响的规律。结果表明：机械活化使异极矿细化分散、矿晶格显著畸变并在表面形成非晶态层，矿物颗粒处于高能亚稳态；机械活化可有效阻止不溶性浸出产物在矿物颗粒表面的积累，消除直接浸出的停滞期，使浸出速率加快，相同浸时间内锌浸出率显著提高；碱法直接浸出异极矿浸出率达到80.5%需6 h，球磨15 min后异极矿达到相同浸出率仅需3 h；磨−浸结合(Mechano-chemical)具有更佳的浸出效果。
关键字: 异极矿；机械活化；氨水−氯化铵溶液；晶格畸变
（School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083）
Abstract:In order to accelerate the leaching rate of zinc in alkaline solutions, QM-1SP type planetary ball mill was used to enhance the leaching of hemimorphite from Lanping, Yunan Province in NH3-NH4Cl solutions. The influence of mechanical activation on the crystal structure and leaching behavior of hemimorphite was investigated by SEM, particle distribution analysis, TG-DSC analysis and XRD analysis. The results indicate that, by mechanical activation the size of the ore particles decrease, the surface crystal layer of the ore transfers to amorphous, the lattice distortion increases obviously and the hemimorphite is in an activated metastable state. The accumulation of the insoluble products on the ore is blocked, the stagnation period in non-milled leaching process is eliminated and the leaching rate of zinc increases rapidly. In non-milled leaching process, it needs 6h to get extraction ratio of 80.5%, while in the milled-leaching process with 15 min dry-milled treatment, it just needs 3 h to get the same extraction ratio. It is also found that the effect of the mechano-chemical process is prior to that of the dry-milled process.
Key words: hemimorphite; mechanical activation; ammonia-ammonium chloride solution; lattice distortion
