(石家庄铁道学院机械工程系，石家庄050043)
摘 要: 为了解决关键结构螺栓组的载荷不均和超载断裂问题，利用NiTi合金的压缩拟弹性功能，设计了一种智能传力垫，分析了其调节载荷的功能特性，并在内燃机车上进行了实际应用与测试。结果表明：NiTi合金智能传力垫可以使螺栓组各螺栓间的受力不均匀度得到调整，动载荷降低。因而，具有良好的自动均载限载防断功能，可以大幅度提高螺栓连接的安全性和可靠性。
关键字: NiTi合金；螺栓联接；智能传力垫
（Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Railway Institute, Shijiazhuang 050043, P.R.China）
Abstract:In order to avoid the non-uniform load and the breakdown of a set of bolts in key joining construction, an intelligent washer was designed taking advantage of the compression pseudo-elasticity of NiTi alloy, and the f unction of adjusting load of intelligent washer was analyzed. The results of test in locomotive showed that NiTi alloy intelligent washer can share alike the load between the bolts, and reduce the dynamic stress of bolts. It has good function of auto-even load and anti-breakage. So it can improve the safety and reliability of bolt joined construction.
Key words: NiTi alloy; bolt joining; intelligent washer
