(1. 清华大学 核能技术设计研究院, 北京 102201;
2. 江西省科学院 应用化学研究所, 南昌 330029)
摘 要: 四川冕宁含稀土原矿经Na2CO3脱氟后, 采用氯化铵焙烧法提取稀土。 通过正交试验确定了脱氟最佳条件:温度650 ℃, 脱氟剂用量m (Na2CO3)/m (原矿)=0.25, 反应时间30 min,原矿脱氟率达到95%以上。 同时考察了温度、 时间及NH4Cl对脱氟原矿稀土氯化的影响, 在优化条件下氯化, 其稀土回收率达到95%以上。 浸出液的成分分析结果表明, 氯化过程中Fe, Si和Al的溶出量很少, 有利于该浸出液中稀土的提取与分离。
关键字: 氯化铵; 氟碳铈原矿; 稀土
(1. Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology,Tsinghua University, Beijing 102201, P.R.China;
2. Institute of Applied Chemistry,Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, P.R.China)
Abstract: The optimum conditions of stripping fluorine for Sichuan bastnasite crude ore were determined by orthogonal experiments. Over 95% fluorine in the crude ore was stripped by roasting 30 min of the crude ore with m (Na2CO3)/m (ore)=0.25 at 650 ℃. The stripped fluorine crude ore was further treatedby NH4Cl to recover RE. Above 95% RE can be leached by water after the stripped fluorine crude ore mixed with NH4Cl (m (NH4Cl)/ m (ore)=1∶1) was roasted 1 h at 325 ℃. At the same time, the RE leaching solution contains little Fe, Si and Al. Therefore it is propitious to further purify the solution and recover RE.
Key words: bastnasite crude ore; ammonium chloride; rare earth