(1. 兰州理工大学 理学院， 兰州 730050；
2. 兰州大学 等离体与金属材料研究所， 兰州 730000)
摘 要: 采用自行研制的实验装置， 用阳极弧放电等离子体方法制备了高纯镍纳米粉末。 利用X射线衍射（XRD）、 透射电子显微镜（TEM）和相应选区电子衍射（ED）、 BET吸附等对样品的成分、 形貌、 晶体结构、 晶格常数、 粒度及其分布、 比表面积进行了分析。 建立了关于金属超微粒产生过程的近似模型，分析了纳米粉的形成和生长机制， 并对整个工艺过程影响纳米粉性能的各种工艺参数进行了理论探讨。 结果表明： 所制得的镍纳米粉纯度高， 晶格结构与相应的致密体相同，为fcc相结构， 平均粒径为47nm， 粒径范围在20～70nm， 比表面积为14.23m2/g，呈规则的球形链状分布， 并发现纳米晶体的晶格常数发生膨胀。
关键字: 阳极弧等离子体； 纳米粉； 晶格膨胀； 生长机制
anodic arc plasma
（1. School of Science, Lanzhou University of Science & Technology,
Lanzhou 730050, China;
2. Research Institute of Plasma and Metallic Materials,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China）
Abstract:The pure Ni nanopowders was prepared by anodic arc discharging plasma method using self-designed and fabricated experimental apparatus. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding electron diffraction (ED), BET to determine the chemical composition, morphology, crystal microstructure, the size and size distribution, the specific surface area. An approximate mode of the process of generating ultra-fine metal particle was built, and the mechanism of forming and growing of Ni nanoparticles was analyzed. The influence of several technology parameters on the property of nanopowders by anodic arc plasma method was also discussed. The experimental results show that the samples with lattice parameter expansion is of high purity, the crystal structure is the same as the bulk materials, i.e. fcc, with average size about 47nm, ranging from 20 to 70nm, the specific surface area is 14.23m2/g, which is distributed uniformly in spherical chain shapes.
Key words: anodic arc plasma; nanopowder; lattice parameter expansion; growing mechanism
