(湖南大学 化学化工学院, 长沙 410082)
摘 要: 介绍了Mg合金的腐蚀原理、 腐蚀类型以及合金元素在镁合金中的作用。 综述了Mg合金的化学转化膜、 阳极氧化、 微弧氧化、 化学镀等经典的表面处理方法， 以及快速凝固工艺和表面改性技术对Mg合金表面耐蚀性能的影响。 Mg合金易发生全面腐蚀、 电偶腐蚀、 点蚀、应力腐蚀和高温氧化。 解决Mg合金腐蚀的方法有： 一是研究新合金， 提高Mg合金自身的热力学稳定性，稀土Mg合金是最有前途的耐蚀合金； 二是通过表面处理使Mg合金表面富SiO2和Al2O3、含SiC和F－等物质或获得的非晶态的涂层结构能有效地提高Mg合金的耐蚀耐磨性能； 三是改进加工工艺， 快速凝固和激光退火不仅能获得力学性能优秀的Mg合金产品，还能获得纳米结构的表面涂层防护膜， 提高Mg合金的耐蚀耐磨性能。 使镁合金表面涂层结构纳米化、 玻璃化是表面处理工艺的发展趋势。
关键字: Mg合金； 腐蚀； 表面处理； 防护设计
（College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University,
Changsha 410082, China）
Abstract:Corrosion principle, corrosion types and effects of alloying elements in Mg alloys are introduced. The conventional processes of chemical conversion film, anode oxidation, micro-arch oxidation and electroless plating, and effect of rapid solidification as well as surface modification on corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys are reviewed. Mg alloys are apt to suffer from general, galvanic, pitting, SCC and high temperature oxidation. Approaches toward overcoming corrosion problems are: 1) developing new alloys to increase their thermodynamic stability, RE alloys are promising in resistance to high temperature oxidation; 2) the treatment surface of SiO2, Al2O3 rich coatings and containing SiC, F－or amorphous coatings to improve the corrosion and wearing resistance; 3) improvement of the processes, such as rapid solidification and laser annealing, not only excellent mechanical products of Mg alloys are gained by these processes, but also nano-structural coatings on surface are produced to increase the resistance to corrosion and wear. The new developments of surface treatment are to investigate the processes of nano-structural or glassy coatings on the surface of Mg alloys.
Key words: magnesium alloy; corrosion; surface finishing; protection design
