(1.中国科学院 测量与地球物理研究所
动力大地测量学开放研究实验室, 武汉 430077；
2.山东科技大学 地球信息科学与工程学院，
泰安 271019)
摘 要: 随着精密GPS快速定位技术被广泛应用于矿区开采沉陷的日常观测，数据处理变得越来越重要，其质量好坏将直接影响到GPS快速定位精度，而粗差和周跳的探测与修复又是其中最重要组成部分。鉴于拟准检定法可以同时发现、定位测量数据中的多个粗差并估算其大小和精度，且予以修正，所以用粗差的拟准检定法来对GPS快速定位数据进行处理。首先概述了用拟准检定法处理GPS快速定位的数学模型，然后给出了简单的实施步骤。为了便于比较，还简单介绍了常用的抗差估计及统计检验的数学模型，最后通过1个算例验证了本方法的可行性和有效性，并和另２种方法作了比较。
关键字: GPS快速定位； 粗差和周跳； 数据处理； 拟准检定法
observed from GPS for subsidence surveying in mining area
（1. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics,
Laboratory of Dynamical Geodesy,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077，China
2. Shandong University of Science and Technology,
Taian 271019, China）
Abstract:The precision of GPS rapid positioning is directly related to the quality of data processing, so the data processing is an important procedure in the GPS rapid positioning. Since the “quasi-accurate detection of gross errors (QUAD)” method has the character of simultaneously detecting, locating multiple gross errors in surveying data, estimating their values and accuracies and then correcting them, the QUAD method is introduced to process GPS rapid positioning data. The mathematics model is summarized. Then detailed implementation procedure is presented. In order to make a comparison, the models of the other two methods like robust estimation and hypothesis test are also summarized. At last, one numerical example is given out to illustrate the feasibility and validity of this method.
Key words: GPS rapid positioning; gross error and cycle slip; data processing; QUAD method
