(安徽工业大学 冶金工程系，马鞍山 243002)
摘 要: 利用正、反向挤压对比实验研究了反向挤压铝合金时，在基本挤压阶段，挤压力的变化规律以及其最大挤压力与正向挤压时的差异，以便为合理制订反向挤压工艺和进行工具设计提供依据。研究表明：挤压棒材时，随着挤压过程的进行，挤压力呈现上升趋势，在挤压结束时达到最大值，这与正向挤压时是相反的，其最大挤压力比正向挤压时小10%左右；挤压管材时，在基本挤压阶段开始时的挤压力最大，随着挤压过程的进行，挤压力呈现下降趋势，与正向挤压时相似，而当挤压过程进行到一定程度时，挤压力基本保持稳定，其最大挤压力比正向挤压时小30%左右。
关键字: 挤压力；变化规律；反向挤压；棒材；管材
process of backward extrusion
（Department of Metallurgical Engineering,
Anhui University of Technology，Maanshan 243002，China）
Abstract:By the aid of the comparison experiment of direct extrusion with backward extrusion，the varying law of extrusion force and the difference of maximum extrusion force between direct and backward extrusion were studied.The experiment results show that in backward extruding bars，the extrusion force increases with extrusion process and reaches the maximum value which is about 10% smaller than that in direct extrusion at the end of the extrusion process，and this phenomenon is opposite to that in direct extrusion; in backward extruding pipes，the extrusion force reaches the maximum value which is about 30% smaller than that in direct extrusion at the beginning of basic extrusion stage and then decreases with extrusion process and reaches a constant in end.This phenomenon is similar to that in direct extrusion.
Key words: extrusion force; varying law; backward extrusion; bar; pipe
